Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L), grown under traditional practices becoming less productive and less profitable in Nepal, due to ever-increasing input prices and intensive land preparation. A field experiment was conducted to find alternate practices for enhancing productivity of wheat at the National Wheat Research Program, Bhairahawa during the winter season of 2018/19 and 2019/20. The experiment plot was designed on strip-split plot design with 3 replications. Three tillage methods, surface seeding (SS), zero tillage (ZT), and conventional tillage (CT) were assigned in vertical strips with two levels of crop residue management: residue removed (R0) and residue retention (R50) in horizontal blocks, whereas three levels of nutrient management: recommended dose of NPK (F100), 25% higher dose of NPK (F125) and farmer’s practice (FP) were assigned in subplots. Data regarding growth, yield attributes, and yield were recorded and analyzed by Genstat. In the first year, ZT was better in terms of number of tillers at maximum tillering stage, maximum leaf area index, effective tiller per square meter, number of grain per spike, and straw yield compared to SS and CT; whereas in the second year SS was better in terms of growth, yield attributes and yield as compared to ZT and CT. In the first year, R(0) produced significantly higher straw yield but significantly lower harvest index (HI) than R(50) whereas in second year R(50) produced significantly higher thousand grain weight, grain yield and HI. The application of 25% more nutrients than the recommended dose resulted significantly better most of the growth, yield attributes, and yield during both years. On the average of two years, ZT produced more yield than CT and SS by 26.6% and 3.0% respectively. The short term ZT significantly increased the bulk density as compared to SS and CT. Based on the research results, it can be suggested that the traditional practices of wheat can be replaced by ZT with retention of previous crop residues and the application of 25% more nutrients than the recommended dose.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
In the first year, zero tillage (ZT) gave more tillers at maximum tillering, higher maximum leaf area index and more effective tillers than surface seeding and conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- ZTe1
- Outcome
- number of tillers at maximum tillering stage, maximum leaf area index, effective tiller per square metere1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Qualifier
- In the first yeare1
- Comparator
- SS and CTe1
- Setting
- Bhairahawae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L)”
e1“In the first year, ZT was better in terms of number of tillers at maximum tillering stage, maximum leaf area index, effective tiller per square meter, number of grain per spike, and straw yield compared to SS and CT”
e2“at the National Wheat Research Program, Bhairahawa during the winter season of 2018/19 and 2019/20”
Claim · model-written summary
In the first year, zero tillage (ZT) gave more grains per spike and more straw yield than surface seeding and conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ZTe1
- Outcome
- number of grain per spike, and straw yielde1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Qualifier
- In the first yeare1
- Comparator
- SS and CTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L)”
e1“In the first year, ZT was better in terms of number of tillers at maximum tillering stage, maximum leaf area index, effective tiller per square meter, number of grain per spike, and straw yield compared to SS and CT”
Claim · model-written summary
In the second year, surface seeding gave better growth, yield attributes and yield than zero tillage and conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SSe3
- Outcome
- growth, yield attributes and yielde3
- Direction
- bettere3
- Qualifier
- in the second yeare3
- Comparator
- ZT and CTe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L)”
e3“in the second year SS was better in terms of growth, yield attributes and yield as compared to ZT and CT”
Claim · model-written summary
In the first year, residue removal (R0) produced significantly higher straw yield than residue retention (R50).
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- R(0)e4
- Outcome
- straw yielde4
- Direction
- significantly highere4
- Qualifier
- In the first yeare4
- Comparator
- R(50)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L)”
e4“In the first year, R(0) produced significantly higher straw yield but significantly lower harvest index (HI) than R(50)”
Claim · model-written summary
In the first year, residue removal (R0) produced significantly lower harvest index (HI) than residue retention (R50).
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- R(0)e4
- Outcome
- harvest index (HI)e4
- Direction
- significantly lowere4
- Qualifier
- In the first yeare4
- Comparator
- R(50)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L)”
e4“In the first year, R(0) produced significantly higher straw yield but significantly lower harvest index (HI) than R(50)”
Claim · model-written summary
In the second year, residue retention (R50) gave significantly higher thousand grain weight, grain yield and harvest index.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- R(50)e5
- Outcome
- thousand grain weight, grain yield and HIe5
- Direction
- significantly highere5
- Qualifier
- in second yeare5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L)”
e5“in second year R(50) produced significantly higher thousand grain weight, grain yield and HI”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 25% more nutrients than the recommended dose significantly improved most growth, yield attributes and yield in both years.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 25% more nutrients than the recommended dosee6
- Outcome
- growth, yield attributes, and yielde6
- Direction
- significantly bettere6
- Qualifier
- during both yearse6
- Comparator
- recommended dosee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L)”
e6“The application of 25% more nutrients than the recommended dose resulted significantly better most of the growth, yield attributes, and yield during both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage (ZT) produced 26.6% more yield than conventional tillage (CT), on the average of two years.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ZTe7
- Outcome
- yielde7
- Direction
- moree7
- Value
- 26.6%e7
- Qualifier
- On the average of two yearse7
- Comparator
- CTe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L)”
e7“On the average of two years, ZT produced more yield than CT and SS by 26.6% and 3.0% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage (ZT) produced 3.0% more yield than surface seeding (SS), on the average of two years.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ZTe7
- Outcome
- yielde7
- Direction
- moree7
- Value
- 3.0%e7
- Qualifier
- On the average of two yearse7
- Comparator
- SSe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L)”
e7“On the average of two years, ZT produced more yield than CT and SS by 26.6% and 3.0% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Short-term zero tillage (ZT) significantly increased soil bulk density compared with surface seeding and conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ZTe7
- Outcome
- bulk densitye7
- Direction
- significantly increasede7
- Comparator
- SS and CTe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L)”
e7“The short term ZT significantly increased the bulk density as compared to SS and CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Traditional wheat practices can be replaced by zero tillage with retention of previous crop residues and 25% more nutrients than the recommended dose.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- replaced by ZT with retention of previous crop residuese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L)”
e7“the traditional practices of wheat can be replaced by ZT with retention of previous crop residues and the application of 25% more nutrients than the recommended dose”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1,115 papers in the same direction as this paper · 257 in the opposite direction · 41 reporting no difference from an alternative
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