Abstract
Crop productivity, soil organic carbon (SOC), fertilizer nitrogen and water use efficiency (WUE) in rainfed dry area is influenced by tillage, rotation and crop residues management.Field experiments were conducted during 2004-09 to study the effect of tillage, rotation and crop residues on wheat yield, nitrogen fertilizer and water use efficiency and SOC under semi-arid condition in north-west Pakistan.The treatments consisted of three rotations: i) Wheat-fallow-wheat (farmers' practice) ii) Wheat-summer legume-wheat and iii) Wheat-summer cereal-wheat with two tillage and crop residues management treatments: i) Tillage (crop residues removed) and Tillage (crop residues retained) and ii) No-tillage (crop residues removed) and No-tillage (crop residues retained).Basal doses of N 60 : P 60 (kg ha -1 ) to wheat, N 90 : P 60 and N 20 : P 60 (kg ha -1 ) to summer cereals and legumes rotation crops were applied respectively.Labeled urea having 1% 15 N atom excess at 60 kg N ha -1 was applied to wheat as an aqueous solution in micro plot within each treatment plot.Changes in soil water storage were monitored with neutron moisture probe for calculation of WUE.The results revealed that the wheat grain and straw yield was not increased by the tillage treatment.Crop residues retention significantly enhanced the wheat grain and straw yield.Crop residues with no-tillage resulted in 520 kg ha -1 greater wheat grain yield than residues removed treatment.Similarly WUE, N yield and fertilizer N utilization by wheat was increased significantly by crop residues under no-tillage compared to the tillage treatment.Maximum N fertilizer utilization 24.1 %, 62.7 % and 38.0 % in wheat were obtained under no-tillage + residues treatment during 2006, 2007 and 2008 respectively.The SOC in surface soil (0-15 cm) was higher in wheat-fallow-wheat and wheat-legume-wheat rotation under no-tillage + residues treatment.The results showed that no-tillage + crop residues and legume based rotation treatment were beneficial under the rainfed (dry) conditions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage did not increase wheat grain and straw yield.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- tillage treatmente0
- Outcome
- grain and straw yielde0
- Direction
- not increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat grain and straw yield was not increased by the tillage treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue retention significantly raised wheat grain and straw yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Crop residues retentione0
- Outcome
- grain and straw yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crop residues retention significantly enhanced the wheat grain and straw yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Residues under no tillage raised wheat grain yield by 520 kg ha -1 relative to residue removal.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Crop residues with no-tillagee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 520 kg ha -1e0
- Comparator
- residues removed treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crop residues with no-tillage resulted in 520 kg ha -1 greater wheat grain yield than residues removed treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Residues under no tillage significantly increased WUE, N yield and fertilizer N utilization.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- crop residues under no-tillagee0
- Outcome
- WUE, N yield and fertilizer N utilizatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- tillage treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WUE, N yield and fertilizer N utilization by wheat was increased significantly by crop residues under no-tillage compared to the tillage treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum wheat fertilizer N utilization under no tillage plus residues was 24.1 % in 2006.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- no-tillage + residues treatmente0
- Outcome
- N fertilizer utilizatione0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 24.1 %e0
- Qualifier
- 2006e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum N fertilizer utilization 24.1 %, 62.7 % and 38.0 % in wheat were obtained under no-tillage + residues treatment during 2006, 2007 and 2008 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum wheat fertilizer N utilization under no tillage plus residues was 62.7 % in 2007.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- no-tillage + residues treatmente0
- Outcome
- N fertilizer utilizatione0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 62.7 %e0
- Qualifier
- 2007e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum N fertilizer utilization 24.1 %, 62.7 % and 38.0 % in wheat were obtained under no-tillage + residues treatment during 2006, 2007 and 2008 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum wheat fertilizer N utilization under no tillage plus residues was 38.0 % in 2008.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- no-tillage + residues treatmente0
- Outcome
- N fertilizer utilizatione0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 38.0 %e0
- Qualifier
- 2008e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum N fertilizer utilization 24.1 %, 62.7 % and 38.0 % in wheat were obtained under no-tillage + residues treatment during 2006, 2007 and 2008 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface soil SOC was higher under wheat fallow wheat rotation with no tillage and residues.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- wheat-fallow-wheate0
- Outcome
- SOC in surface soile0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 0-15 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SOC in surface soil (0-15 cm) was higher in wheat-fallow-wheat and wheat-legume-wheat rotation under no-tillage + residues treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface soil SOC was higher under wheat legume wheat rotation with no tillage and residues.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- wheat-legume-wheat rotation under no-tillage + residues treatmente0
- Outcome
- SOC in surface soile0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 0-15 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SOC in surface soil (0-15 cm) was higher in wheat-fallow-wheat and wheat-legume-wheat rotation under no-tillage + residues treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors regarded no tillage with residues and legume rotation as beneficial in rainfed dry conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- no-tillage + crop residues and legume based rotation treatmente0
- Setting
- rainfed (dry) conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no-tillage + crop residues and legume based rotation treatment were beneficial under the rainfed (dry) conditions”
t0“wheat crop productivity”
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