Abstract
Context Cadmium (Cd) toxicity and zinc (Zn) deficiency are of major concerns for crop growth and quality. Moreover, their interactive effects exert some controversial reports. Aims The effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and Cd on growth, physiology, and metal distribution in mung beans (Vigna radiata L.) was investigated. Methods Seven-day-old seedlings were treated with Zn (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 μM) and Cd (0, 0.5, 1 μM) for 14 days. Key results Photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activities, dry matter yield and metal concentration in tissues were significantly influenced by ZnO NPs and Cd. Considered on its own as a main effect, Zn application (16 μM) enhanced its accumulation in roots, stem and leaf by about 33-fold (314 mg kg−1), 10-fold (60.6 mg kg−1) and 17-fold (110.8 mg kg−1), respectively, compared to control. However, accumulation was slower for interactions with Cd. While leaf Zn increased approximately 27 times (180 mg kg−1) at 32 μM Zn, its interactions with lower and higher Cd increased only 6-fold (41.2 mg kg−1) and 3-fold (21.4 mg kg−1), respectively. Added ZnO NPs up to 4 μM under Cd contamination elevated the leaf Cd, which was restricted by higher supply. However, Cd accumulation in stem and root consistently rose, indicating a synergistic effect. ZnO NPs induced an upregulation of antioxidant enzymes to avert oxidative stress and maintain growth performance. Implications These findings may be suitable for formulating nanomaterials of desired particle sizes and testing on other crop to remediate Cd.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc oxide nanoparticles and cadmium significantly influenced photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activities and dry matter yield in mung bean.
- Taxon
- mung beans
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatat0 - Treatment
- ZnO NPs and Cde0
- Outcome
- Photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activities, dry matter yielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activities, dry matter yield and metal concentration in tissues were significantly influenced by ZnO NPs and Cd.”
t0“mung beans”
Claim · model-written summary
At 16 μM, zinc increased root zinc accumulation about 33-fold versus control.
- Taxon
- mung beansVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Zn application (16 μM)e0
- Outcome
- accumulation in rootse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 33-fold (314 mg kg−1)e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn application (16 μM) enhanced its accumulation in roots, stem and leaf by about 33-fold (314 mg kg−1), 10-fold (60.6 mg kg−1) and 17-fold (110.8 mg kg−1), respectively, compared to control.”
t0“mung beans”
Claim · model-written summary
At 16 μM, zinc increased stem zinc accumulation tenfold versus control.
- Taxon
- mung beansVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Zn application (16 μM)e0
- Outcome
- accumulation in roots, steme0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 10-fold (60.6 mg kg−1)e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn application (16 μM) enhanced its accumulation in roots, stem and leaf by about 33-fold (314 mg kg−1), 10-fold (60.6 mg kg−1) and 17-fold (110.8 mg kg−1), respectively, compared to control.”
t0“mung beans”
Claim · model-written summary
At 16 μM, zinc increased leaf zinc accumulation about 17-fold versus control.
- Taxon
- mung beansVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Zn application (16 μM)e0
- Outcome
- accumulation in roots, stem and leafe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 17-fold (110.8 mg kg−1)e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn application (16 μM) enhanced its accumulation in roots, stem and leaf by about 33-fold (314 mg kg−1), 10-fold (60.6 mg kg−1) and 17-fold (110.8 mg kg−1), respectively, compared to control.”
t0“mung beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium slowed zinc accumulation under combined application.
- Taxon
- mung beansVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- accumulatione0
- Direction
- slowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, accumulation was slower for interactions with Cd.”
t0“mung beans”
Claim · model-written summary
At 32 μM zinc alone, leaf zinc rose about 27-fold to 180 mg kg−1.
- Taxon
- mung beansVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 32 μM Zne0
- Outcome
- leaf Zne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27 times (180 mg kg−1)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf Zn increased approximately 27 times (180 mg kg−1) at 32 μM Zn”
t0“mung beans”
Claim · model-written summary
At 32 μM zinc with lower cadmium, leaf zinc increased sixfold to 41.2 mg kg−1.
- Taxon
- mung beansVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- lowere0
- Outcome
- its interactions with lower and higher Cde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6-fold (41.2 mg kg−1)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its interactions with lower and higher Cd increased only 6-fold (41.2 mg kg−1) and 3-fold (21.4 mg kg−1), respectively”
t0“mung beans”
Claim · model-written summary
At 32 μM zinc with higher cadmium, leaf zinc increased threefold to 21.4 mg kg−1.
- Taxon
- mung beansVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- higher Cde0
- Outcome
- its interactions with lower and higher Cde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3-fold (21.4 mg kg−1)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its interactions with lower and higher Cd increased only 6-fold (41.2 mg kg−1) and 3-fold (21.4 mg kg−1), respectively”
t0“mung beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc oxide nanoparticles up to 4 μM under cadmium contamination elevated leaf cadmium.
- Taxon
- mung beansVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPs up to 4 μM under Cd contaminatione0
- Outcome
- leaf Cde0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Added ZnO NPs up to 4 μM under Cd contamination elevated the leaf Cd”
t0“mung beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher zinc oxide nanoparticle supply restricted leaf cadmium accumulation.
- Taxon
- mung beansVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- higher supplye0
- Outcome
- whiche0
- Direction
- restrictede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was restricted by higher supply.”
t0“mung beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium accumulation in mung bean stem and root rose consistently under zinc oxide nanoparticle supply.
- Taxon
- mung beansVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse1
- Outcome
- Cd accumulation in stem and roote0
- Direction
- rosee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd accumulation in stem and root consistently rose”
e1“ZnO NPs induced an upregulation of antioxidant enzymes”
t0“mung beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc oxide nanoparticles upregulated antioxidant enzymes.
- Taxon
- mung beansVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnO NPs induced an upregulation of antioxidant enzymes to avert oxidative stress and maintain growth performance.”
t0“mung beans”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.