Abstract
Wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ( Bgt) is one of the most serious wheat diseases in the world. Biological control is considered an environmentally safe approach to control plant diseases. Here, to develop effective biocontrol agents for controlling wheat powdery mildew, antagonistic strain XZ16-1 was isolated and identified as Bacillus subtilis based on the morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence. The culture filtrate of B. subtilis XZ16-1 and its extracts had a significant inhibitory effect on the spore germination of Bgt. Moreover, the therapeutic and prevention efficacy of the 100% culture filtrate on wheat powdery mildew reached 81.18 and 83.72%, respectively, which was better than that of chemical fungicide triadimefon. Further antimicrobial mechanism analysis showed that the XZ16-1 culture filtrate could inhibit the development of powdery mildew spores by disrupting the cell membrane integrity, causing reductions in the mitochondrial membrane potential, and inducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the spores. Biochemical detection indicated that XZ16-1 could solubilize phosphate, fix nitrogen, and produce hydrolases, lipopeptides, siderophores, and indole-3-acetic acid. Defense-related enzymes activated in wheat seedlings treated with the culture filtrate indicated that disease resistance was induced in wheat to resist pathogens. Furthermore, a 10 6 CFU/ml suspension of XZ16-1 increased the height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of wheat seedlings by 77.13, 63.46, 76.73, and 19.16%, respectively, and showed good growth-promotion properties. This study investigates the antagonistic activity and reveals the action mechanism of XZ16-1, which can provide an effective microbial agent for controlling wheat powdery mildew.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
The culture filtrate of B. subtilis XZ16-1 significantly inhibited spore germination of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- culture filtrate of B. subtilis XZ16-1e1
- Interactor
- Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici
Blumeria graminis f. sp. triticie0pathogen - Second interactor
- B. subtilis XZ16-1
Bacillus subtilise1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- spore germination of Bgte1
- Direction
- inhibitory effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ( Bgt) is one of the most serious wheat diseases in the world”
e1“The culture filtrate of B. subtilis XZ16-1 and its extracts had a significant inhibitory effect on the spore germination of Bgt”
Claim · model-written summary
Therapeutic efficacy of the 100% culture filtrate on wheat powdery mildew was 81.18%, better than the chemical fungicide triadimefon.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 100% culture filtratee2
- Interactor
- Blumeria graminis f. sp. triticiBlumeria graminis f. sp. triticie0pathogen
- Outcome
- therapeutic and prevention efficacye2
- Direction
- bettere2
- Value
- 81.18e2
- Comparator
- chemical fungicide triadimefone2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ( Bgt) is one of the most serious wheat diseases in the world”
e2“the therapeutic and prevention efficacy of the 100% culture filtrate on wheat powdery mildew reached 81.18 and 83.72%, respectively, which was better than that of chemical fungicide triadimefon”
Claim · model-written summary
Prevention efficacy of the 100% culture filtrate on wheat powdery mildew was 83.72%, better than the chemical fungicide triadimefon.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 100% culture filtratee2
- Interactor
- Blumeria graminis f. sp. triticiBlumeria graminis f. sp. triticie0pathogen
- Outcome
- therapeutic and prevention efficacye2
- Direction
- bettere2
- Value
- 83.72%e2
- Comparator
- chemical fungicide triadimefone2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ( Bgt) is one of the most serious wheat diseases in the world”
e2“the therapeutic and prevention efficacy of the 100% culture filtrate on wheat powdery mildew reached 81.18 and 83.72%, respectively, which was better than that of chemical fungicide triadimefon”
Claim · model-written summary
The XZ16-1 culture filtrate inhibits powdery mildew spore development by disrupting spore cell membrane integrity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- XZ16-1 culture filtratee3
- Outcome
- development of powdery mildew sporese3
- Qualifier
- disrupting the cell membrane integritye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ( Bgt) is one of the most serious wheat diseases in the world”
e3“the XZ16-1 culture filtrate could inhibit the development of powdery mildew spores by disrupting the cell membrane integrity, causing reductions in the mitochondrial membrane potential, and inducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the spores”
Claim · model-written summary
The XZ16-1 culture filtrate reduces the mitochondrial membrane potential of powdery mildew spores.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- XZ16-1 culture filtratee3
- Outcome
- mitochondrial membrane potentiale3
- Qualifier
- causing reductions in the mitochondrial membrane potentiale3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ( Bgt) is one of the most serious wheat diseases in the world”
e3“the XZ16-1 culture filtrate could inhibit the development of powdery mildew spores by disrupting the cell membrane integrity, causing reductions in the mitochondrial membrane potential, and inducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the spores”
Claim · model-written summary
The XZ16-1 culture filtrate induces accumulation of reactive oxygen species in powdery mildew spores.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- XZ16-1 culture filtratee3
- Outcome
- accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the sporese3
- Qualifier
- inducinge3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ( Bgt) is one of the most serious wheat diseases in the world”
e3“the XZ16-1 culture filtrate could inhibit the development of powdery mildew spores by disrupting the cell membrane integrity, causing reductions in the mitochondrial membrane potential, and inducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the spores”
Claim · model-written summary
XZ16-1 can solubilize phosphate, fix nitrogen and produce hydrolases.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- solubilize phosphate, fix nitrogen, and produce hydrolasese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ( Bgt) is one of the most serious wheat diseases in the world”
e4“Biochemical detection indicated that XZ16-1 could solubilize phosphate, fix nitrogen, and produce hydrolases, lipopeptides, siderophores, and indole-3-acetic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
XZ16-1 can produce lipopeptides, siderophores and indole-3-acetic acid.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- lipopeptides, siderophores, and indole-3-acetic acide4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ( Bgt) is one of the most serious wheat diseases in the world”
e4“Biochemical detection indicated that XZ16-1 could solubilize phosphate, fix nitrogen, and produce hydrolases, lipopeptides, siderophores, and indole-3-acetic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Culture filtrate activated defense-related enzymes in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Organ / stage
- wheat seedlingse5
- Treatment
- culture filtratee5
- Outcome
- Defense-related enzymese5
- Direction
- activatede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ( Bgt) is one of the most serious wheat diseases in the world”
e5“Defense-related enzymes activated in wheat seedlings treated with the culture filtrate indicated that disease resistance was induced in wheat to resist pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
A 10^6 CFU/ml suspension of XZ16-1 increased the height of wheat seedlings by 77.13%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Organ / stage
- wheat seedlingse6
- Treatment
- 10 6 CFU/ml suspension of XZ16-1e6
- Outcome
- heighte6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 77.13e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“a 10 6 CFU/ml suspension of XZ16-1 increased the height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of wheat seedlings by 77.13, 63.46, 76.73, and 19.16%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
A 10^6 CFU/ml suspension of XZ16-1 increased the root length of wheat seedlings by 63.46%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Organ / stage
- wheat seedlingse6
- Treatment
- 10 6 CFU/ml suspension of XZ16-1e6
- Outcome
- root lengthe6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 63.46e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“a 10 6 CFU/ml suspension of XZ16-1 increased the height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of wheat seedlings by 77.13, 63.46, 76.73, and 19.16%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
A 10^6 CFU/ml suspension of XZ16-1 increased the fresh weight of wheat seedlings by 76.73%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Organ / stage
- wheat seedlingse6
- Treatment
- 10 6 CFU/ml suspension of XZ16-1e6
- Outcome
- fresh weighte6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 76.73e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“a 10 6 CFU/ml suspension of XZ16-1 increased the height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of wheat seedlings by 77.13, 63.46, 76.73, and 19.16%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
A 10^6 CFU/ml suspension of XZ16-1 increased the dry weight of wheat seedlings by 19.16%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Organ / stage
- wheat seedlingse6
- Treatment
- 10 6 CFU/ml suspension of XZ16-1e6
- Outcome
- dry weighte6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 19.16%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“a 10 6 CFU/ml suspension of XZ16-1 increased the height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of wheat seedlings by 77.13, 63.46, 76.73, and 19.16%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain XZ16-1 was isolated and identified as Bacillus subtilis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- isolated and identified as Bacillus subtilise7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ( Bgt) is one of the most serious wheat diseases in the world”
e7“antagonistic strain XZ16-1 was isolated and identified as Bacillus subtilis”
The same questions in other papers
pathogen product · physiology: enzyme activity · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.