Abstract
Due to freshwater scarcity in developing countries, irrigating the arable land with wastewater poses potential ecological risks to the environment and food quality. Using cheap soil amendments and foliar application of a newly discovered molecule “melatonin” (ML) can alleviate these effects. The objectives of this pot study were to evaluate the effectiveness of the sole addition of chitosan (CH) and sugar beet factory lime (SBL) in wastewater impacted soil, foliar application of ML, and combining each soil amendment with ML on the heavy metals (HMs) accumulation, growth, nutritional quality and photosynthesis in wheat. Results showed that CH was more effective than SBL for reducing HMs bioavailability in soil, HMs distribution in plants, improving photosynthesis, nutritional quality, and growth. ML application also influenced plant parameters but less than CH and SBL. The CH+ML treatment was the most effective for influencing plant parameters and reducing HMs bioavailability in the soil. Compared to control, CH+ML significantly reduced the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Co in roots, shoots, and grain up to 89%. We conclude that adding CH+ML in wastewater impacted soils can remediate the soil; reduce HMs concentrations in plants; and improve their photosynthesis, plant growth, grain yield, and nutrition.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan was more effective than sugar beet factory lime at reducing soil heavy metal bioavailability and plant metal distribution and improving photosynthesis, nutritional quality and growth.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- CHe0
- Outcome
- HMs bioavailability in soil, HMs distribution in plants, improving photosynthesis, nutritional quality, and growthe0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- SBLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CH was more effective than SBL for reducing HMs bioavailability in soil, HMs distribution in plants, improving photosynthesis, nutritional quality, and growth”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin influenced plant parameters less than chitosan and lime.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ML applicatione0
- Outcome
- plant parameterse0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Comparator
- CH and SBLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ML application also influenced plant parameters but less than CH and SBL”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined chitosan and melatonin was most effective for plant parameters and soil heavy metal bioavailability.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CH+ML treatmente0
- Outcome
- plant parameters and reducing HMs bioavailability in the soile0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CH+ML treatment was the most effective for influencing plant parameters and reducing HMs bioavailability in the soil”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined chitosan and melatonin significantly reduced Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu and Co concentrations in roots, shoots and grain by up to 89% relative to control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- roots, shoots, and graine0
- Treatment
- CH+MLe0
- Outcome
- concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Coe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- up to 89%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to control, CH+ML significantly reduced the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Co in roots, shoots, and grain up to 89%”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend combined chitosan and melatonin for remediating wastewater-impacted soils and improving wheat performance.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CH+MLe0
- Outcome
- remediate the soil; reduce HMs concentrations in plants; and improve their photosynthesis, plant growth, grain yield, and nutritione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adding CH+ML in wastewater impacted soils can remediate the soil; reduce HMs concentrations in plants; and improve their photosynthesis, plant growth, grain yield, and nutrition”
t0“Wheat”
The same questions in other papers
chitosan · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
chitosan · physiology: photosynthesis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
melatonin · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.