Abstract
A serious acidification trend currently affects paddy soil and soil phosphorus (P) availability has declined in rice production. This study investigated the effect of rice-straw biochar on P availability and the adaptability of rice roots in acidified soil. Rice was grown in rhizoboxes, allowing for the precise sampling of rhizosphere and bulk soil for the sequential extraction of P fractions. Biochar may provide a liming effect and strong nutrient adsorption, leading to soil improvement. The results confirmed that biochar application significantly improved plant growth and P accumulation in shoots by 29% and 75%, respectively. However, the application of washed biochar and equivalent lime only increased shoot biomass and P accumulation by 13.4% and 11.2%, and by 42% and 38%, respectively. Compared with the control, applying biochar increased the plant-available P component contents in rhizosphere and bulk soil. Biochar affected the chemical balance among the different P fractions, increased aluminum-bound phosphate (Al-P) pool, calcium-bound phosphate (Ca-P) pool and decreased the occluded phosphate pool in acidic paddy soil. Biochar amendment significantly improved root growth of and increased the citrate exudation from roots under low P supply, accompanied by the enhanced expression of the anion-transporter-related OsFRDL4 gene and the OsPT1 phosphate transporter. The results showed that biochar application in degraded acidic soils could improve rice potential for P acquisition to increase available P component and maintain high citrate exudation.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased rice plant growth by 29%.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- biochar applicatione0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 29%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biochar application significantly improved plant growth and P accumulation in shoots by 29% and 75%, respectively”
e1“Rice was grown in rhizoboxes”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased shoot P accumulation by 75%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- biochar applicatione0
- Outcome
- P accumulation in shootse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 75%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biochar application significantly improved plant growth and P accumulation in shoots by 29% and 75%, respectively”
e1“Rice was grown in rhizoboxes”
Claim · model-written summary
Washed biochar increased shoot biomass by 13.4%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- washed biochare0
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of washed biochar and equivalent lime only increased shoot biomass and P accumulation by 13.4% and 11.2%, and by 42% and 38%, respectively”
t0“Rice-Straw”
Claim · model-written summary
Washed biochar increased shoot P accumulation by 11.2%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- washed biochare0
- Outcome
- P accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of washed biochar and equivalent lime only increased shoot biomass and P accumulation by 13.4% and 11.2%, and by 42% and 38%, respectively”
e1“Rice was grown in rhizoboxes”
Claim · model-written summary
Equivalent lime increased shoot biomass by 42%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- equivalent limee0
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 42%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of washed biochar and equivalent lime only increased shoot biomass and P accumulation by 13.4% and 11.2%, and by 42% and 38%, respectively”
e1“Rice was grown in rhizoboxes”
Claim · model-written summary
Equivalent lime increased shoot P accumulation by 38%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- equivalent limee0
- Outcome
- P accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 38%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of washed biochar and equivalent lime only increased shoot biomass and P accumulation by 13.4% and 11.2%, and by 42% and 38%, respectively”
e1“Rice was grown in rhizoboxes”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased plant-available P components in rhizosphere and bulk soil relative to control.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- applying biochare0
- Outcome
- plant-available P component contents in rhizosphere and bulk soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control, applying biochar increased the plant-available P component contents in rhizosphere and bulk soil.”
e1“Rice was grown in rhizoboxes”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased the aluminum-bound phosphate pool.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Biochare0
- Outcome
- aluminum-bound phosphate (Al-P) poole0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochar affected the chemical balance among the different P fractions, increased aluminum-bound phosphate (Al-P) pool, calcium-bound phosphate (Ca-P) pool and decreased the occluded phosphate pool in acidic paddy soil.”
e1“Rice was grown in rhizoboxes”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased the calcium-bound phosphate pool.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Biochare0
- Outcome
- calcium-bound phosphate (Ca-P) poole0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochar affected the chemical balance among the different P fractions, increased aluminum-bound phosphate (Al-P) pool, calcium-bound phosphate (Ca-P) pool and decreased the occluded phosphate pool in acidic paddy soil.”
e1“Rice was grown in rhizoboxes”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar decreased the occluded phosphate pool.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Biochare0
- Outcome
- occluded phosphate poole0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochar affected the chemical balance among the different P fractions, increased aluminum-bound phosphate (Al-P) pool, calcium-bound phosphate (Ca-P) pool and decreased the occluded phosphate pool in acidic paddy soil.”
e1“Rice was grown in rhizoboxes”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar significantly improved root growth under low P supply.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Biochar amendmente0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under low P supplye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochar amendment significantly improved root growth of and increased the citrate exudation from roots under low P supply”
e1“Rice was grown in rhizoboxes”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased citrate exudation from roots under low P supply.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Biochar amendmente0
- Outcome
- citrate exudation from rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under low P supplye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochar amendment significantly improved root growth of and increased the citrate exudation from roots under low P supply”
e1“Rice was grown in rhizoboxes”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar enhanced expression of OsFRDL4 and OsPT1.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Biochar amendmente1
- Gene
- OsFRDL4 gene and the OsPT1 phosphate transportere0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced expression of the anion-transporter-related OsFRDL4 gene and the OsPT1 phosphate transporter”
e1“Biochar amendment significantly improved root growth”
e2“Rice was grown in rhizoboxes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude biochar could improve rice P acquisition in degraded acidic soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- biochar applicatione0
- Outcome
- rice potential for P acquisitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biochar application in degraded acidic soils could improve rice potential for P acquisition to increase available P component and maintain high citrate exudation”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.