Abstract
Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus) ranks amid the top five commercially preferred cut-flowers in global floriculture industry. Conventionally, gerbera is propagated by seed or by vegetative approaches. However, in vitro propagation cropped up as a better alternative with high commercial success since past two decades. Simultaneously, hyperhydricity of shoots has become a matter of serious concern during in vitro propagation. For the first time in gerbera, the present study highlights the morphometrical and physiological changes in hyperhydric shoots developed in high cytokinin-supplemented media. Four concentrations (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg L − 1) of kinetin and N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) were tested individually in supplementation with Murashige and Skoog basal medium. It was found that occurrence of hyperhydricity was significantly influenced by the type and concentrations of cytokinins used. Nevertheless, gradually increasing hyperhydricity along with significantly poorer multiplication were observed with the increasing concentrations of BAP and kinetin compared to its lower levels. Majority of explants in the presence of high levels (> 5 mg L − 1) of kinetin or BAP became hyperhydric, losing their capability to regenerate. Hyperhydric plantlets exhibited lower chlorophyll and higher relative water content, resulting in glassy appearance of leaves and shoots with pale or yellowish green color accompanied with inward folding of the leaf blade towards the midrib. The roots of hyperhydric plantlets were thinner, shorter and fewer in number. Hyperhydricity further resulted in delayed development of plantlets as well as lower frequency and size of stomata.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Occurrence of hyperhydricity was significantly influenced by the type and concentration of cytokinins.
GerberaNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus) ranks amid the top five commercially preferred cut-flowers in global floriculture industry”
e1“occurrence of hyperhydricity was significantly influenced by the type and concentrations of cytokinins used”
Claim · model-written summary
Hyperhydricity increased with increasing BAP and kinetin concentrations compared with lower levels.
- Treatment
- increasing concentrations of BAP and kinetine2
- Outcome
- hyperhydricitye2
- Direction
- increasinge2
- Comparator
- lower levelse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus) ranks amid the top five commercially preferred cut-flowers in global floriculture industry”
e2“gradually increasing hyperhydricity along with significantly poorer multiplication were observed with the increasing concentrations of BAP and kinetin compared to its lower levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Multiplication was significantly poorer at increasing BAP and kinetin concentrations than at lower levels.
- Treatment
- increasing concentrations of BAP and kinetine2
- Outcome
- multiplicatione2
- Direction
- poorere2
- Comparator
- lower levelse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus) ranks amid the top five commercially preferred cut-flowers in global floriculture industry”
e2“gradually increasing hyperhydricity along with significantly poorer multiplication were observed with the increasing concentrations of BAP and kinetin compared to its lower levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Most explants at high kinetin or BAP levels (above 5 mg/L) became hyperhydric and lost their capacity to regenerate.
- Treatment
- high levels (> 5 mg L − 1) of kinetin or BAPe3
- Outcome
- hyperhydrice3
- Qualifier
- losing their capability to regeneratee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus) ranks amid the top five commercially preferred cut-flowers in global floriculture industry”
e3“Majority of explants in the presence of high levels (> 5 mg L − 1) of kinetin or BAP became hyperhydric, losing their capability to regenerate”
Claim · model-written summary
Hyperhydric plantlets had lower chlorophyll.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus) ranks amid the top five commercially preferred cut-flowers in global floriculture industry”
e4“Hyperhydric plantlets exhibited lower chlorophyll and higher relative water content, resulting in glassy appearance of leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Hyperhydric plantlets had higher relative water content.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus) ranks amid the top five commercially preferred cut-flowers in global floriculture industry”
e4“Hyperhydric plantlets exhibited lower chlorophyll and higher relative water content, resulting in glassy appearance of leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots of hyperhydric plantlets were thinner, shorter and fewer in number.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus) ranks amid the top five commercially preferred cut-flowers in global floriculture industry”
e5“The roots of hyperhydric plantlets were thinner, shorter and fewer in number”
Claim · model-written summary
Hyperhydricity delayed development of plantlets.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus) ranks amid the top five commercially preferred cut-flowers in global floriculture industry”
e6“Hyperhydricity further resulted in delayed development of plantlets as well as lower frequency and size of stomata”
Claim · model-written summary
Hyperhydricity lowered the frequency and size of stomata.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus) ranks amid the top five commercially preferred cut-flowers in global floriculture industry”
e6“Hyperhydricity further resulted in delayed development of plantlets as well as lower frequency and size of stomata”
The same questions in other papers
N-benzyladenine · pest · GerberaPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.