Abstract
Cucumber plant growth and the fate of N in the plant-soil system are influenced by fertilization practices, the strengths of which may vary among soils. Three soils with different years of greenhouse vegetable cultivation (0, 2, and 18 years) were fertilized differently (CK, no N fertilizer applied; CF, chemical NPK fertilizers applied; RCF, reduced chemical NPK fertilizers applied, with N, P, and K reduced by 46.5%, 68.6%, and 54.7%; RCF+CM, 75% of the total N derived from chemical fertilizer and the rest from chicken manure in the case of reduced fertilization) in a pot experiment to study the changes in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) growth, N uptake, residue, and losses. The original N in soil was insufficient to maintain leaf growth and chlorophyll synthesis at later growth stages, even in soil with 18 years of greenhouse vegetable cultivation, where the original N content was the highest (total N 1.73 g kg−1). However, the CF treatment with excessive N fertilization inhibited leaf growth at the early growing stage and accelerated leaf senescence later, especially in soil with longer years of greenhouse vegetable cultivation. Therefore, reduced fertilizer application (RCF and RCF+CM) is appropriate to improve cucumber growth and productivity in greenhouse cultivation with different planting years. Although the same amount of N was applied, the RCF+CM treatment performed better than the RCF treatment in terms of increasing plant N uptake (by 30.5%) and soil N pool storage (by 25.0%) while decreasing N losses (by 16.6%) in soil with 0 years of greenhouse vegetable cultivation. In soil with 2 and 18 years of greenhouse vegetable cultivation, the soil itself functions much better in exogenous N retention and supply, with the N storage and losses not significantly different between the RCF and RCF+CM treatments. We conclude that reduced fertilization with the co-application of chicken manure is optimal for plant growth promotion, output-input ratio increase, soil N fertility improvement, and environmental risk mitigation.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Excessive chemical N fertilization inhibited cucumber leaf growth at the early growing stage.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Organ / stage
- early growing stagee2
- Treatment
- CF treatment with excessive N fertilizatione2
- Outcome
- leaf growthe2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
- Setting
- pot experimente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber plant growth and the fate of N in the plant-soil system are influenced by fertilization practices”
e1“in a pot experiment to study the changes in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) growth, N uptake, residue, and losses”
e2“the CF treatment with excessive N fertilization inhibited leaf growth at the early growing stage and accelerated leaf senescence later”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessive chemical N fertilization accelerated cucumber leaf senescence at later growth stages.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- CF treatment with excessive N fertilizatione2
- Outcome
- leaf senescencee2
- Direction
- acceleratede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber plant growth and the fate of N in the plant-soil system are influenced by fertilization practices”
e2“the CF treatment with excessive N fertilization inhibited leaf growth at the early growing stage and accelerated leaf senescence later”
Claim · model-written summary
RCF+CM increased plant N uptake by 30.5% compared with RCF in soil with 0 years of greenhouse cultivation.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- RCF+CMe4
- Outcome
- plant N uptakee4
- Direction
- increasinge4
- Value
- 30.5%e4
- Comparator
- RCFe4
- Setting
- soil with 0 years of greenhouse vegetable cultivatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber plant growth and the fate of N in the plant-soil system are influenced by fertilization practices”
e4“the RCF+CM treatment performed better than the RCF treatment in terms of increasing plant N uptake (by 30.5%) and soil N pool storage (by 25.0%) while decreasing N losses (by 16.6%) in soil with 0 years of greenhouse vegetable cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
RCF+CM increased soil N pool storage by 25.0% compared with RCF in soil with 0 years of greenhouse cultivation.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- RCF+CMe4
- Outcome
- soil N pool storagee4
- Direction
- increasinge4
- Value
- 25.0%e4
- Comparator
- RCFe4
- Setting
- soil with 0 years of greenhouse vegetable cultivatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber plant growth and the fate of N in the plant-soil system are influenced by fertilization practices”
e4“the RCF+CM treatment performed better than the RCF treatment in terms of increasing plant N uptake (by 30.5%) and soil N pool storage (by 25.0%) while decreasing N losses (by 16.6%) in soil with 0 years of greenhouse vegetable cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
RCF+CM decreased N losses by 16.6% compared with RCF in soil with 0 years of greenhouse cultivation.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- RCF+CMe4
- Outcome
- N lossese4
- Direction
- decreasinge4
- Value
- 16.6%e4
- Comparator
- RCFe4
- Setting
- soil with 0 years of greenhouse vegetable cultivatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber plant growth and the fate of N in the plant-soil system are influenced by fertilization practices”
e4“the RCF+CM treatment performed better than the RCF treatment in terms of increasing plant N uptake (by 30.5%) and soil N pool storage (by 25.0%) while decreasing N losses (by 16.6%) in soil with 0 years of greenhouse vegetable cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
In soils with 2 and 18 years of greenhouse cultivation, N storage and losses did not differ significantly between RCF+CM and RCF.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- RCF+CMe5
- Outcome
- N storage and lossese5
- Direction
- not significantly differente5
- Comparator
- RCFe5
- Setting
- soil with 2 and 18 years of greenhouse vegetable cultivatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber plant growth and the fate of N in the plant-soil system are influenced by fertilization practices”
e5“In soil with 2 and 18 years of greenhouse vegetable cultivation, the soil itself functions much better in exogenous N retention and supply, with the N storage and losses not significantly different between the RCF and RCF+CM treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced fertilization with chicken manure co-application is optimal for plant growth promotion.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- reduced fertilization with the co-application of chicken manuree6
- Outcome
- plant growth promotione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber plant growth and the fate of N in the plant-soil system are influenced by fertilization practices”
e6“We conclude that reduced fertilization with the co-application of chicken manure is optimal for plant growth promotion”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced chemical fertilizer application is appropriate to improve cucumber growth and productivity in greenhouse cultivation.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- reduced fertilizer application (RCF and RCF+CM)e3
- Outcome
- cucumber growth and productivitye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber plant growth and the fate of N in the plant-soil system are influenced by fertilization practices”
e3“reduced fertilizer application (RCF and RCF+CM) is appropriate to improve cucumber growth and productivity in greenhouse cultivation with different planting years”
Claim · model-written summary
The original soil N was insufficient to maintain cucumber leaf growth and chlorophyll synthesis at later growth stages.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Organ / stage
- later growth stagese7
- Outcome
- leaf growth and chlorophyll synthesise7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber plant growth and the fate of N in the plant-soil system are influenced by fertilization practices”
e7“The original N in soil was insufficient to maintain leaf growth and chlorophyll synthesis at later growth stages, even in soil with 18 years of greenhouse vegetable cultivation, where the original N content was the highest (total N 1.73 g kg−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Original N content was highest in soil with 18 years of greenhouse vegetable cultivation (total N 1.73 g kg-1).
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Outcome
- original N contente7
- Value
- 1.73 g kg−1e7
- Setting
- soil with 18 years of greenhouse vegetable cultivatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber plant growth and the fate of N in the plant-soil system are influenced by fertilization practices”
e7“The original N in soil was insufficient to maintain leaf growth and chlorophyll synthesis at later growth stages, even in soil with 18 years of greenhouse vegetable cultivation, where the original N content was the highest (total N 1.73 g kg−1)”
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