Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the effect of seed pre-treatment “priming” with zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) on the improvement in germination in three quinoa genotypes, “ICBA-Q5”, “Puno” and “Titicaca”, under different salinity levels and to characterize some physiological traits of seed tolerance to salinity. The germination tests were conducted to assess the priming effect on germination. Samples of 50 quinoa seeds of the 3 genotypes were soaked in 1 g/L of ZnSO4 solution for 8 h and then were dried under ambient temperature. Then, each seed sample was placed in a Petri dish containing filter paper imbibed with a salt solution of 300, 400 and 500 mM NaCl. The numbers of germinated seeds were noted every 24 h and seed samples were collected for reserve mobilization analysis. The results showed that, under control conditions, ICBCA-Q5 showed the highest germination percentage, followed by Puno and then Titicaca. The salinity level of 300 and 400 mM NaCl severely inhibited the seed germination in all of the tested genotypes and the concentration of 400 mM NaCl was considered the highest threshold for germination in the quinoa genotypes tested. The priming treatment improved the germination parameters and the improvement was more evident for germination speed and the final germination percentages that were generally increased by ZnSO4 priming by more than 100% for all of the genotypes.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Under control conditions ICBA-Q5 had the highest germination, followed by Puno and Titicaca.
- Taxon
- Quinoa
Chenopodium quinoat0 - Material
- ICBCA-Q5e0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- Punoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“under control conditions, ICBCA-Q5 showed the highest germination percentage, followed by Puno and then Titicaca.”
t0“Quinoa”
Claim · model-written summary
At 300 mM NaCl, salinity severely inhibited seed germination across genotypes.
- Taxon
- Quinoa
Chenopodium quinoat0 - Treatment
- 300e0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- severely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“The salinity level of 300 and 400 mM NaCl severely inhibited the seed germination in all of the tested genotypes”
t0“Quinoa”
Claim · model-written summary
At 400 mM NaCl, salinity severely inhibited seed germination across genotypes.
- Taxon
- Quinoa
Chenopodium quinoat0 - Treatment
- 400 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- severely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“The salinity level of 300 and 400 mM NaCl severely inhibited the seed germination in all of the tested genotypes”
t0“Quinoa”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors considered 400 mM NaCl the highest germination threshold in tested quinoa genotypes.
- Taxon
- quinoa
Chenopodium quinoae0 - Outcome
- highest threshold for germinatione0
- Value
- 400 mM NaCle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“the concentration of 400 mM NaCl was considered the highest threshold for germination in the quinoa genotypes tested.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulfate priming improved germination speed.
- Taxon
- Quinoa
Chenopodium quinoat0 - Treatment
- ZnSO4 priminge0
- Outcome
- germination speede0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“The priming treatment improved the germination parameters and the improvement was more evident for germination speed and the final germination percentages that were generally increased by ZnSO4 priming by more than 100% for all of the genotypes.”
t0“Quinoa”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulfate priming increased final germination percentage by over 100% across genotypes.
- Taxon
- Quinoa
Chenopodium quinoat0 - Treatment
- ZnSO4 priminge0
- Outcome
- final germination percentagese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- more than 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“The priming treatment improved the germination parameters and the improvement was more evident for germination speed and the final germination percentages that were generally increased by ZnSO4 priming by more than 100% for all of the genotypes.”
t0“Quinoa”
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