Abstract
Bacillus subtilis strain Z15 (BS-Z15) was isolated from the cotton field of Xinjiang, China, and characterized as an effective biocontrol agent antagonizing plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae 991 (VD-991). However, the chemical substance produced by BS-Z15 for resistance to VD-991 remains elusive. Here, a serial purification methods including HCl precipitation, organic solvent extraction, and separation by semi-preparative High-Performance Liquid Chromatography were performed to obtain a single compound about 3.5 mg/L from the fermentation broth of BS-Z15, which has an antifungal activity against VD-991. Moreover, Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, and Tandem Mass Spectrometry analyses were carried out to finally confirm that the active compound from BS-Z15 is a mycosubtilin homologue with C17 fatty acid chain. Genomic sequence prediction and PCR verification further showed that the BS-Z15 genome contains the whole mycosubtilin operon comprising four ORFs: fenF, mycA, mycB, and mycC, and the expression levels of mycA-N, mycB-Y and mycC-N reached a peak at 32-h fermentation. Although mycosubtilin homologue at 1 μg/mL promoted the germination of cotton seed, that with high concentration at 10 μg/mL had no significant effect on seed germination, plant height and dry weight. Furthermore, mycosubtilin homologue sprayed at 10 μg/mL on two-week-old cotton leaves promotes the expression of pathogen-associated genes and gossypol accumulation, and greatly decreases VD-991 infection in cotton with disease index statistics. This study provides an efficient purification strategy for mycosubtilin homologue from BS-Z15, which can potentially be used as a biocontrol agent for controlling verticillium wilt in cotton.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Mycosubtilin homologue sprayed at 10 μg/mL on cotton leaves greatly decreased Verticillium dahliae 991 infection.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume1 - Treatment
- mycosubtilin homologue sprayed at 10 μg/mL on two-week-old cotton leavese1
- Interactor
- VD-991e1pathogen
- Outcome
- VD-991 infectione1
- Direction
- decreasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus subtilis strain Z15 (BS-Z15) was isolated from the cotton field of Xinjiang, China, and characterized as an effective biocontrol agent antagonizing plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae 991 (VD-991)”
e1“mycosubtilin homologue sprayed at 10 μg/mL on two-week-old cotton leaves promotes the expression of pathogen-associated genes and gossypol accumulation, and greatly decreases VD-991 infection in cotton with disease index statistics”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycosubtilin homologue sprayed at 10 μg/mL promoted expression of pathogen-associated genes and gossypol accumulation in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- mycosubtilin homologue sprayed at 10 μg/mL on two-week-old cotton leavese1
- Outcome
- expression of pathogen-associated genes and gossypol accumulatione1
- Direction
- promotese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus subtilis strain Z15 (BS-Z15) was isolated from the cotton field of Xinjiang, China, and characterized as an effective biocontrol agent antagonizing plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae 991 (VD-991)”
e1“mycosubtilin homologue sprayed at 10 μg/mL on two-week-old cotton leaves promotes the expression of pathogen-associated genes and gossypol accumulation, and greatly decreases VD-991 infection in cotton with disease index statistics”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycosubtilin homologue at 1 μg/mL promoted germination of cotton seed.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- mycosubtilin homologue at 1 μg/mLe2
- Outcome
- germination of cotton seede2
- Direction
- promotede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Although mycosubtilin homologue at 1 μg/mL promoted the germination of cotton seed, that with high concentration at 10 μg/mL had no significant effect on seed germination, plant height and dry weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycosubtilin homologue at 10 μg/mL had no significant effect on cotton seed germination, plant height and dry weight.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- high concentration at 10 μg/mLe2
- Outcome
- seed germination, plant height and dry weighte2
- Direction
- no significant effecte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Although mycosubtilin homologue at 1 μg/mL promoted the germination of cotton seed, that with high concentration at 10 μg/mL had no significant effect on seed germination, plant height and dry weight”
Claim · model-written summary
The BS-Z15 genome contains the whole mycosubtilin operon with four ORFs, fenF, mycA, mycB and mycC.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Gene
- fenF, mycA, mycB, and mycCe3
- Outcome
- mycosubtilin operone3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus subtilis strain Z15 (BS-Z15) was isolated from the cotton field of Xinjiang, China, and characterized as an effective biocontrol agent antagonizing plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae 991 (VD-991)”
e3“the BS-Z15 genome contains the whole mycosubtilin operon comprising four ORFs: fenF, mycA, mycB, and mycC, and the expression levels of mycA-N, mycB-Y and mycC-N reached a peak at 32-h fermentation”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression levels of mycA-N, mycB-Y and mycC-N peaked at 32-h fermentation.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Gene
- mycA-N, mycB-Y and mycC-Ne3
- Outcome
- expression levelse3
- Qualifier
- reached a peak at 32-h fermentatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus subtilis strain Z15 (BS-Z15) was isolated from the cotton field of Xinjiang, China, and characterized as an effective biocontrol agent antagonizing plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae 991 (VD-991)”
e3“the BS-Z15 genome contains the whole mycosubtilin operon comprising four ORFs: fenF, mycA, mycB, and mycC, and the expression levels of mycA-N, mycB-Y and mycC-N reached a peak at 32-h fermentation”
Claim · model-written summary
The purification strategy yielded a single compound of about 3.5 mg/L from the BS-Z15 fermentation broth.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- single compounde5
- Value
- 3.5 mg/Le5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus subtilis strain Z15 (BS-Z15) was isolated from the cotton field of Xinjiang, China, and characterized as an effective biocontrol agent antagonizing plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae 991 (VD-991)”
e5“to obtain a single compound about 3.5 mg/L from the fermentation broth of BS-Z15, which has an antifungal activity against VD-991”
Claim · model-written summary
The active compound from BS-Z15 was identified as a mycosubtilin homologue with a C17 fatty acid chain.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- active compounde6
- Qualifier
- mycosubtilin homologue with C17 fatty acid chaine6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus subtilis strain Z15 (BS-Z15) was isolated from the cotton field of Xinjiang, China, and characterized as an effective biocontrol agent antagonizing plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae 991 (VD-991)”
e6“to finally confirm that the active compound from BS-Z15 is a mycosubtilin homologue with C17 fatty acid chain”
Claim · model-written summary
The active compound has antifungal activity against VD-991.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Interactor
- VD-991e5pathogen
- Outcome
- antifungal activitye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus subtilis strain Z15 (BS-Z15) was isolated from the cotton field of Xinjiang, China, and characterized as an effective biocontrol agent antagonizing plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae 991 (VD-991)”
e5“to obtain a single compound about 3.5 mg/L from the fermentation broth of BS-Z15, which has an antifungal activity against VD-991”
Claim · model-written summary
The mycosubtilin homologue can potentially be used as a biocontrol agent for controlling Verticillium wilt in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume7
- Outcome
- controlling verticillium wilte7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“can potentially be used as a biocontrol agent for controlling verticillium wilt in cotton”
The same questions in other papers
application · organism · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →application · molecular: expression · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.