Abstract
ABSTRACT Embryo rescue is essential for the breeding of seedless grapes, but current protocols are inefficient and limit practical application. Here, we documented factors influencing embryo rescue efficiency using crosses of a cold‐resistant seeded hybrid 00‐1‐5 (‘Muscat Hamburg’ × Vitis amurensis ) as the paternal parent with four stenospermocarpic seedless grape cvs., ‘Flame Seedless’, ‘Qinhong No. 2’, ‘Qinhong No. 10’, and ‘Ruby Seedless’. The results showed that treatment of inflorescences with 30∼50 mg·L −1 IBA 14 days before flowering significantly increased the embryo development, germination, and transition to seedling for progeny of each of the four crosses. ‘Qinhong No. 2’ × 00‐1‐5 and ‘Qinhong No. 10’ × 00‐1‐5, with a large number of ovules, were cultured on solid and solid–liquid biphase MM3 media respectively, the embryo development rate on solid medium was significantly better than that on solid–liquid biphase medium. ‘Ruby Seedless’, ‘Qinhong No. 2’ and ‘Qinhong No. 10’ are more suitable for embryo rescue as maternal parent. The optimal medium for transforming deformed seedlings into normal seedlings was 2 × MS medium containing 0.2 mg·L −1 6‐BA, 0.1 mg·L −1 IAA, and 1.6 mg·L −1 ZnSO 4 . In total, 311 embryos were rescued successfully, which were considered as potential cold‐resistant seedless hybrids.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
IBA before flowering increased embryo development in four crosses.
- Treatment
- 30∼50 mg·L −1 IBA 14 days before floweringe0
- Outcome
- embryo developmente0
- Direction
- increasede0
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine”
e0“treatment of inflorescences with 30∼50 mg·L −1 IBA 14 days before flowering significantly increased the embryo development, germination, and transition to seedling for progeny of each of the four crosses.”
Claim · model-written summary
IBA before flowering increased germination in four crosses.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine”
e0“treatment of inflorescences with 30∼50 mg·L −1 IBA 14 days before flowering significantly increased the embryo development, germination, and transition to seedling for progeny of each of the four crosses.”
Claim · model-written summary
IBA before flowering increased transition to seedling in four crosses.
- Treatment
- 30∼50 mg·L −1 IBA 14 days before floweringe0
- Outcome
- transition to seedlinge0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine”
e0“treatment of inflorescences with 30∼50 mg·L −1 IBA 14 days before flowering significantly increased the embryo development, germination, and transition to seedling for progeny of each of the four crosses.”
Claim · model-written summary
Solid medium gave better embryo development than biphase medium.
- Treatment
- solid mediume0
- Outcome
- embryo development ratee0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- solid–liquid biphase mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine”
e0“the embryo development rate on solid medium was significantly better than that on solid–liquid biphase medium.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ruby Seedless was judged suitable as an embryo-rescue maternal parent.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine”
e0“‘Ruby Seedless’, ‘Qinhong No. 2’ and ‘Qinhong No. 10’ are more suitable for embryo rescue as maternal parent.”
Claim · model-written summary
Qinhong No. 2 was judged suitable as an embryo-rescue maternal parent.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine”
e0“‘Ruby Seedless’, ‘Qinhong No. 2’ and ‘Qinhong No. 10’ are more suitable for embryo rescue as maternal parent.”
Claim · model-written summary
Qinhong No. 10 was judged suitable as an embryo-rescue maternal parent.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine”
e0“‘Ruby Seedless’, ‘Qinhong No. 2’ and ‘Qinhong No. 10’ are more suitable for embryo rescue as maternal parent.”
Claim · model-written summary
A specified 2 × MS medium was optimal for normalizing deformed seedlings.
- Treatment
- 2 × MS medium containing 0.2 mg·L −1 6‐BA, 0.1 mg·L −1 IAA, and 1.6 mg·L −1 ZnSO 4e0
- Outcome
- transforming deformed seedlings into normal seedlingse0
- Direction
- optimale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine”
e0“The optimal medium for transforming deformed seedlings into normal seedlings was 2 × MS medium containing 0.2 mg·L −1 6‐BA, 0.1 mg·L −1 IAA, and 1.6 mg·L −1 ZnSO 4 .”
Claim · model-written summary
The program rescued 311 embryos.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevine”
e0“In total, 311 embryos were rescued successfully, which were considered as potential cold‐resistant seedless hybrids.”
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