Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a major regeneration approach for in vitro cultured tissues of plants, including citrus. However, SE capability is difficult to maintain, and recalcitrance to SE has become a major obstacle to plant biotechnology. We previously reported that miR156-SPL modules regulate SE in citrus callus. However, the downstream regulatory pathway of the miR156-SPL module in SE remains unclear. In this study, we found that transcription factors CsAGL15 and CsFUS3 bind to the CsMIR156A promoter and activate its expression. Suppression of csi-miR156a function leads to up-regulation of four target genes, SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (CsSPL) genes, and reduction of SE efficiency. In the short tandem target mimic (STTM)-miR156a overexpression callus (MIM156), the number of amyloplasts and starch content were significantly reduced, and genes involved in starch synthesis and transport were down-regulated. csi-miR172d was down-regulated, whereas the target genes, CsTOE1.1 and CsTOE1.2, which inhibit the expression of starch biosynthesis genes, were up-regulated. In our working model, CsAGL15 and CsFUS3 activate csi-miR156a, which represses CsSPLs and further regulates csi-miR172d and CsTOEs, thus altering starch accumulation in callus cells and regulating SE in citrus. This study elucidates the pathway of miR156-SPLs and miR172-TOEs-mediated regulation of SE, and provides new insights into enhancing SE capability in citrus.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
CsAGL15 and CsFUS3 bind the CsMIR156A promoter and activate expression.
CitrusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transcription factors CsAGL15 and CsFUS3 bind to the CsMIR156A promoter and activate its expression”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppressing csi-miR156a up-regulated four CsSPL target genes.
- Treatment
- Suppression of csi-miR156a functione0
- Gene
- csi-miR156ae0
- Outcome
- four target genes, SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (CsSPL) genese0
- Direction
- up-regulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Suppression of csi-miR156a function leads to up-regulation of four target genes, SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (CsSPL) genes, and reduction of SE efficiency”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppressing csi-miR156a reduced somatic embryogenesis efficiency.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Suppression of csi-miR156a function leads to up-regulation of four target genes, SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (CsSPL) genes, and reduction of SE efficiency”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
MIM156 callus had significantly fewer amyloplasts.
- Material
- MIM156e0
- Treatment
- STTM)-miR156a overexpressione0
- Outcome
- number of amyloplastse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the short tandem target mimic (STTM)-miR156a overexpression callus (MIM156), the number of amyloplasts and starch content were significantly reduced”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
MIM156 callus had significantly reduced starch content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the short tandem target mimic (STTM)-miR156a overexpression callus (MIM156), the number of amyloplasts and starch content were significantly reduced”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch synthesis and transport genes were down-regulated in MIM156 callus.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the short tandem target mimic (STTM)-miR156a overexpression callus (MIM156), the number of amyloplasts and starch content were significantly reduced, and genes involved in starch synthesis and transport were down-regulated”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
csi-miR172d was down-regulated.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“csi-miR172d was down-regulated”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
CsTOE1.1 and CsTOE1.2 were up-regulated.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the target genes, CsTOE1.1 and CsTOE1.2, which inhibit the expression of starch biosynthesis genes, were up-regulated”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose a CsAGL15/CsFUS3–miR156–SPL–miR172–TOE pathway controlling starch accumulation and embryogenesis.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CsAGL15 and CsFUS3 activate csi-miR156a, which represses CsSPLs and further regulates csi-miR172d and CsTOEs, thus altering starch accumulation in callus cells and regulating SE in citrus”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · growth · CitrusPositive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.