Abstract
Abstract The use of complementary light spectra is a potential new approach to studying the increase in plant resilience under stress conditions. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of different spectra of complementary light on the growth and development of strawberry plants under salinity and alkalinity stress conditions. Plants were grown in the greenhouse under ambient light and irradiated with blue (460 nm), red (660 nm), blue/red (1:3), and white/yellow (400–700 nm) light during the developmental stages. The stress treatments were as follows: control (non-stress), alkalinity (40 mM NaHCO 3 ), and salinity (80 mM NaCl). Our results showed that salinity and alkalinity stress decreased fresh and dry weights and the number of green leaves, and increased chlorotic, tip burn, and dry leaves. The blue and red spectra had a greater effect on reducing the effects of stress compared to other spectra. Stress conditions decreased SPAD and RWC, although blue light increased SPAD, and blue/red light increased RWC under stress conditions. Blue/red and white/yellow light had the greatest effect on reproductive traits. Stress conditions affected fruit color indicators, and red and blue light had the most significant effect on these traits. Under stress conditions, sodium uptake increased, while K, Ca, Mg, and Fe uptake decreased, markedly. Blue and red light and their combination alleviated this reducing effect of stress. It can be concluded that the effects of salinity and alkalinity stresses can be reduced by manipulating the supplemental light spectrum. The use of artificial light can be extended to stresses.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity and alkalinity decreased strawberry fresh and dry weights and green leaf number.
- Taxon
- strawberry plants
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- salinity and alkalinity stresse0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weights and the number of green leavese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“salinity and alkalinity stress decreased fresh and dry weights and the number of green leaves”
t0“strawberry plants”
t1“strawberry plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity and alkalinity increased chlorotic, tip burn and dry leaves.
- Taxon
- strawberry plantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- salinity and alkalinity stresse0
- Outcome
- chlorotic, tip burn, and dry leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity and alkalinity stress decreased fresh and dry weights and the number of green leaves, and increased chlorotic, tip burn, and dry leaves”
t0“strawberry plants”
t1“strawberry plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light reduced stress effects more than other spectra.
- Taxon
- strawberry plantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- bluee0
- Outcome
- effects of stresse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- other spectrae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The blue and red spectra had a greater effect on reducing the effects of stress compared to other spectra.”
t0“strawberry plants”
t1“strawberry plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Red light reduced stress effects more than other spectra.
- Taxon
- strawberry plantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- red spectrae0
- Outcome
- effects of stresse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- other spectrae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The blue and red spectra had a greater effect on reducing the effects of stress compared to other spectra.”
t0“strawberry plants”
t1“strawberry plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress decreased SPAD and relative water content.
- Taxon
- strawberry plantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- SPAD and RWCe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stress conditions decreased SPAD and RWC”
t0“strawberry plants”
t1“strawberry plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light increased SPAD under stress.
- Taxon
- strawberry plantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- blue lighte0
- Outcome
- SPADe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“blue light increased SPAD”
t0“strawberry plants”
t1“strawberry plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue and red light increased relative water content under stress.
- Taxon
- strawberry plantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- blue/red lighte0
- Outcome
- RWCe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“blue/red light increased RWC under stress conditions”
t0“strawberry plants”
t1“strawberry plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue and red light had the greatest effect on reproductive traits.
- Taxon
- strawberry plantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Blue/rede0
- Outcome
- reproductive traitse0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Blue/red and white/yellow light had the greatest effect on reproductive traits.”
t0“strawberry plants”
t1“strawberry plants”
Claim · model-written summary
White and yellow light had the greatest effect on reproductive traits.
- Taxon
- strawberry plantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- white/yellow lighte0
- Outcome
- reproductive traitse0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Blue/red and white/yellow light had the greatest effect on reproductive traits.”
t0“strawberry plants”
t1“strawberry plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress affected fruit color indicators.
- Taxon
- strawberry plantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- fruit color indicatorse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stress conditions affected fruit color indicators”
t0“strawberry plants”
t1“strawberry plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Red light had the most significant effect on fruit color indicators.
- Taxon
- strawberry plantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- rede0
- Outcome
- most significant effect on these traitse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“red and blue light had the most significant effect on these traits”
t0“strawberry plants”
t1“strawberry plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light had the most significant effect on fruit color indicators.
- Taxon
- strawberry plantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- blue lighte0
- Outcome
- most significant effect on these traitse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“red and blue light had the most significant effect on these traits”
t0“strawberry plants”
t1“strawberry plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress increased sodium uptake.
- Taxon
- strawberry plantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- sodium uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under stress conditions, sodium uptake increased”
t0“strawberry plants”
t1“strawberry plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress decreased potassium, calcium and magnesium uptake.
- Taxon
- strawberry plantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- K, Ca, Mg, and Fe uptakee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under stress conditions, sodium uptake increased, while K, Ca, Mg, and Fe uptake decreased, markedly”
t0“strawberry plants”
t1“strawberry plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress decreased iron uptake.
- Taxon
- strawberry plantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- Fe uptakee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under stress conditions, sodium uptake increased, while K, Ca, Mg, and Fe uptake decreased, markedly”
t0“strawberry plants”
t1“strawberry plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light alleviated the stress related reduction in nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- strawberry plantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Bluee0
- Outcome
- reducing effect of stresse0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Blue and red light and their combination alleviated this reducing effect of stress.”
t0“strawberry plants”
t1“strawberry plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Red light alleviated the stress related reduction in nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- strawberry plantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- red lighte0
- Outcome
- reducing effect of stresse0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Blue and red light and their combination alleviated this reducing effect of stress.”
t0“strawberry plants”
t1“strawberry plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined blue and red light alleviated the stress related reduction in nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- strawberry plantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- their combinatione0
- Outcome
- reducing effect of stresse0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Blue and red light and their combination alleviated this reducing effect of stress.”
t0“strawberry plants”
t1“strawberry plants”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.