Abstract
To investigate hydropriming and transplanting effect on biomass and nutritional content of forage sorghum, a two-year field experiment was conducted in the semiarid condition of Iran. Experimental factor consisted of planting dates (July-1st, July-11th, July-23rd, August-1st) in the main plot and the factorial combination of planting methods (direct planting, hydropriming, transplanting) with cultivars (Speedfeed and Pegah) in the subplot. Planting date postponement from 1st of July to 10th of July, 23rd of July, and 1st of August, respectively, caused 16.1, 32.5 and 47.2% reduction in dry matter yield (DMY) and 7.4, 20.2, and 35.1% reduction in water use efficiency of DMY production (WUEDMY). Hydropriming and transplanting produced 23.6 and 22.4% more DMY, 24.5 and 21.8% more WUEDMY, 24 and 16.3% more crude protein yield, 22.7 and 20.9% more digestible dry matter (DDM) yield, and 22.2 and 20.1% more metabolic energy (ME) yield, compared to the direct planting. Hydropriming compared to direct planting caused 29% increase in plant growth rate and utilized growing season more productively than transplanting for DMY production. Conclusively, hydropriming and transplanting compensated for delay in planting through enhancing and accelerating germination and plant development but, applying hydropriming on Speedfeed and planting in July-1st caused the highest DMY, WUEDMY and the yield of nutritive parameters.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying planting to 10th of July reduced dry matter yield (DMY) by 16.1.
- Taxon
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
Sorghum bicolort0 - Treatment
- 10th of Julye0
- Outcome
- dry matter yield (DMY)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 16.1e0
- Comparator
- 1st of Julye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
e0“Planting date postponement from 1st of July to 10th of July, 23rd of July, and 1st of August, respectively, caused 16.1, 32.5 and 47.2% reduction in dry matter yield (DMY) and 7.4, 20.2, and 35.1% reduction in water use efficiency of DMY production (WUEDMY).”
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying planting to 23rd of July reduced dry matter yield (DMY) by 32.5.
- Taxon
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- 23rd of Julye0
- Outcome
- dry matter yield (DMY)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 32.5e0
- Comparator
- 1st of Julye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
e0“Planting date postponement from 1st of July to 10th of July, 23rd of July, and 1st of August, respectively, caused 16.1, 32.5 and 47.2% reduction in dry matter yield (DMY) and 7.4, 20.2, and 35.1% reduction in water use efficiency of DMY production (WUEDMY).”
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying planting to 1st of August reduced dry matter yield (DMY) by 47.2%.
- Taxon
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- 1st of Auguste0
- Outcome
- dry matter yield (DMY)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 47.2%e0
- Comparator
- 1st of Julye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
e0“Planting date postponement from 1st of July to 10th of July, 23rd of July, and 1st of August, respectively, caused 16.1, 32.5 and 47.2% reduction in dry matter yield (DMY) and 7.4, 20.2, and 35.1% reduction in water use efficiency of DMY production (WUEDMY).”
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying planting to 10th of July reduced water use efficiency of DMY production (WUEDMY) by 7.4.
- Taxon
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- 10th of Julye0
- Outcome
- water use efficiency of DMY production (WUEDMY)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 7.4e0
- Comparator
- 1st of Julye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
e0“Planting date postponement from 1st of July to 10th of July, 23rd of July, and 1st of August, respectively, caused 16.1, 32.5 and 47.2% reduction in dry matter yield (DMY) and 7.4, 20.2, and 35.1% reduction in water use efficiency of DMY production (WUEDMY).”
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying planting to 23rd of July reduced water use efficiency of DMY production (WUEDMY) by 20.2.
- Taxon
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- 23rd of Julye0
- Outcome
- water use efficiency of DMY production (WUEDMY)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 20.2e0
- Comparator
- 1st of Julye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
e0“Planting date postponement from 1st of July to 10th of July, 23rd of July, and 1st of August, respectively, caused 16.1, 32.5 and 47.2% reduction in dry matter yield (DMY) and 7.4, 20.2, and 35.1% reduction in water use efficiency of DMY production (WUEDMY).”
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying planting to 1st of August reduced water use efficiency of DMY production (WUEDMY) by 35.1%.
- Taxon
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- 1st of Auguste0
- Outcome
- water use efficiency of DMY production (WUEDMY)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 35.1%e0
- Comparator
- 1st of Julye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
e0“Planting date postponement from 1st of July to 10th of July, 23rd of July, and 1st of August, respectively, caused 16.1, 32.5 and 47.2% reduction in dry matter yield (DMY) and 7.4, 20.2, and 35.1% reduction in water use efficiency of DMY production (WUEDMY).”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydropriming raised DMY by 23.6 versus direct planting.
- Taxon
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- Hydropriminge0
- Outcome
- DMYe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 23.6e0
- Comparator
- direct plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
e0“Hydropriming and transplanting produced 23.6 and 22.4% more DMY, 24.5 and 21.8% more WUEDMY, 24 and 16.3% more crude protein yield, 22.7 and 20.9% more digestible dry matter (DDM) yield, and 22.2 and 20.1% more metabolic energy (ME) yield, compared to the direct planting.”
Claim · model-written summary
transplanting raised DMY by 22.4% versus direct planting.
- Taxon
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- transplantinge0
- Outcome
- DMYe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 22.4%e0
- Comparator
- direct plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
e0“Hydropriming and transplanting produced 23.6 and 22.4% more DMY, 24.5 and 21.8% more WUEDMY, 24 and 16.3% more crude protein yield, 22.7 and 20.9% more digestible dry matter (DDM) yield, and 22.2 and 20.1% more metabolic energy (ME) yield, compared to the direct planting.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydropriming raised WUEDMY by 24.5 versus direct planting.
- Taxon
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- Hydropriminge0
- Outcome
- WUEDMYe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 24.5e0
- Comparator
- direct plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
e0“Hydropriming and transplanting produced 23.6 and 22.4% more DMY, 24.5 and 21.8% more WUEDMY, 24 and 16.3% more crude protein yield, 22.7 and 20.9% more digestible dry matter (DDM) yield, and 22.2 and 20.1% more metabolic energy (ME) yield, compared to the direct planting.”
Claim · model-written summary
transplanting raised WUEDMY by 21.8% versus direct planting.
- Taxon
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- transplantinge0
- Outcome
- WUEDMYe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 21.8%e0
- Comparator
- direct plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
e0“Hydropriming and transplanting produced 23.6 and 22.4% more DMY, 24.5 and 21.8% more WUEDMY, 24 and 16.3% more crude protein yield, 22.7 and 20.9% more digestible dry matter (DDM) yield, and 22.2 and 20.1% more metabolic energy (ME) yield, compared to the direct planting.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydropriming raised crude protein yield by 24 versus direct planting.
- Taxon
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- Hydropriminge0
- Outcome
- crude protein yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 24e0
- Comparator
- direct plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
e0“Hydropriming and transplanting produced 23.6 and 22.4% more DMY, 24.5 and 21.8% more WUEDMY, 24 and 16.3% more crude protein yield, 22.7 and 20.9% more digestible dry matter (DDM) yield, and 22.2 and 20.1% more metabolic energy (ME) yield, compared to the direct planting.”
Claim · model-written summary
transplanting raised crude protein yield by 16.3% versus direct planting.
- Taxon
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- transplantinge0
- Outcome
- crude protein yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 16.3%e0
- Comparator
- direct plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
e0“Hydropriming and transplanting produced 23.6 and 22.4% more DMY, 24.5 and 21.8% more WUEDMY, 24 and 16.3% more crude protein yield, 22.7 and 20.9% more digestible dry matter (DDM) yield, and 22.2 and 20.1% more metabolic energy (ME) yield, compared to the direct planting.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydropriming raised digestible dry matter (DDM) yield by 22.7 versus direct planting.
- Taxon
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- Hydropriminge0
- Outcome
- digestible dry matter (DDM) yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 22.7e0
- Comparator
- direct plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
e0“Hydropriming and transplanting produced 23.6 and 22.4% more DMY, 24.5 and 21.8% more WUEDMY, 24 and 16.3% more crude protein yield, 22.7 and 20.9% more digestible dry matter (DDM) yield, and 22.2 and 20.1% more metabolic energy (ME) yield, compared to the direct planting.”
Claim · model-written summary
transplanting raised digestible dry matter (DDM) yield by 20.9% versus direct planting.
- Taxon
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- transplantinge0
- Outcome
- digestible dry matter (DDM) yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 20.9%e0
- Comparator
- direct plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
e0“Hydropriming and transplanting produced 23.6 and 22.4% more DMY, 24.5 and 21.8% more WUEDMY, 24 and 16.3% more crude protein yield, 22.7 and 20.9% more digestible dry matter (DDM) yield, and 22.2 and 20.1% more metabolic energy (ME) yield, compared to the direct planting.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydropriming raised metabolic energy (ME) yield by 22.2 versus direct planting.
- Taxon
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- Hydropriminge0
- Outcome
- metabolic energy (ME) yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 22.2e0
- Comparator
- direct plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
e0“Hydropriming and transplanting produced 23.6 and 22.4% more DMY, 24.5 and 21.8% more WUEDMY, 24 and 16.3% more crude protein yield, 22.7 and 20.9% more digestible dry matter (DDM) yield, and 22.2 and 20.1% more metabolic energy (ME) yield, compared to the direct planting.”
Claim · model-written summary
transplanting raised metabolic energy (ME) yield by 20.1% versus direct planting.
- Taxon
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- transplantinge0
- Outcome
- metabolic energy (ME) yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 20.1%e0
- Comparator
- direct plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
e0“Hydropriming and transplanting produced 23.6 and 22.4% more DMY, 24.5 and 21.8% more WUEDMY, 24 and 16.3% more crude protein yield, 22.7 and 20.9% more digestible dry matter (DDM) yield, and 22.2 and 20.1% more metabolic energy (ME) yield, compared to the direct planting.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydropriming increased plant growth rate by 29% versus direct planting.
- Taxon
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- Hydropriminge0
- Outcome
- plant growth ratee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 29%e0
- Comparator
- direct plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
e0“Hydropriming compared to direct planting caused 29% increase in plant growth rate and utilized growing season more productively than transplanting for DMY production.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydropriming used the growing season more productively than transplanting for dry matter yield.
- Taxon
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- Hydropriminge0
- Outcome
- DMY productione0
- Direction
- more productivelye0
- Comparator
- transplantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
e0“Hydropriming compared to direct planting caused 29% increase in plant growth rate and utilized growing season more productively than transplanting for DMY production.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydropriming and transplanting compensated for planting delay by accelerating germination and development.
- Taxon
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- hydropriming and transplantinge0
- Outcome
- germination and plant developmente0
- Direction
- enhancing and acceleratinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
e0“hydropriming and transplanting compensated for delay in planting through enhancing and accelerating germination and plant development”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydroprimed Speedfeed planted July 1 had the highest dry matter yield, water use efficiency, and nutritive yields.
- Taxon
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)Sorghum bicolort0
- Material
- Speedfeede0
- Treatment
- hydropriminge0
- Outcome
- DMY, WUEDMY and the yield of nutritive parameterse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Setting
- July-1ste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)”
e0“applying hydropriming on Speedfeed and planting in July-1st caused the highest DMY, WUEDMY and the yield of nutritive parameters.”
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