Abstract
The present study was conducted during 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 on seven years Valencia orange trees in a private orchard in Nubaria, Behera governorate, Egypt to evaluate the effect of magnetically treated irrigation water (MTW) and well water either alone or with adding humic acid, calcium silicate and microorganisms on the leaf mineral, carbohydrate and proline contents, vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality .The results indicated that using magnetized water and all other treatments gave a significant increase in the studied growth parameters as well as tree yield and fruit quality. The magnetized water plus magnetite treatment increased leaf phosphorus and iron. Trees treated with magnetized water plus humic acid had the highest new shoot numbers, TSS, TSS/acidity content and juice weight, as well as the lowest peel thickness. Magnetized water plus calcium silicate gave the highest leaf area, tree yield, fruit diameter, fruit firmness and leaf silicon content. Magnetized water plus Microorganism consists of mixture of yeast -photosynthetic and lactic bacteria and sterptomycetes (EM) treatment caused the most height of tree, Canopy circumference, trunk circumference, and leaf nitrogen and zinc. Mgnetized water plus calcium silicate and magnetized water plus EM treatments showed the highest leaf carbohydrate and fruit vitamin C content. Magnetized water plus humic acid and magnetized water plus EM treatments gave the highest leaf potassium. Fruit weight was highest by magnetized water plus humic acid and magnetized water plus magnetite. It has been concluded that use of magnetized water technique with humic acid, silicon and EM applications would be an economically and safe alternative tool to solve the problem of irrigating with saline water and to enhance orange tree growth and productivity grown under similar conditions of the present study.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetized water and other treatments significantly increased growth, tree yield and fruit quality.
- Taxon
- Valencia orange trees
Citrus sinensist0 - Treatment
- magnetized water and all other treatmentse0
- Outcome
- growth parameters as well as tree yield and fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using magnetized water and all other treatments gave a significant increase in the studied growth parameters as well as tree yield and fruit quality”
t0“Valencia orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetized water plus magnetite increased leaf phosphorus and iron.
- Taxon
- Valencia orange treesCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- magnetized water plus magnetitee0
- Outcome
- leaf phosphorus and irone0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The magnetized water plus magnetite treatment increased leaf phosphorus and iron”
t0“Valencia orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetized water plus humic acid gave the highest new shoot numbers, TSS and TSS/acidity content.
- Taxon
- Valencia orange treesCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- magnetized water plus humic acide0
- Outcome
- new shoot numbers, TSS, TSS/acidity contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trees treated with magnetized water plus humic acid had the highest new shoot numbers, TSS, TSS/acidity content and juice weight, as well as the lowest peel thickness”
t0“Valencia orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetized water plus humic acid gave the highest juice weight.
- Taxon
- Valencia orange treesCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- magnetized water plus humic acide0
- Outcome
- juice weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“magnetized water plus humic acid had the highest new shoot numbers, TSS, TSS/acidity content and juice weight”
t0“Valencia orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetized water plus humic acid gave the lowest peel thickness.
- Taxon
- Valencia orange treesCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- magnetized water plus humic acide0
- Outcome
- peel thicknesse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“magnetized water plus humic acid had the highest new shoot numbers, TSS, TSS/acidity content and juice weight, as well as the lowest peel thickness”
t0“Valencia orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetized water plus calcium silicate gave the highest leaf area, yield, fruit diameter and firmness.
- Taxon
- Valencia orange treesCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- Magnetized water plus calcium silicatee0
- Outcome
- leaf area, tree yield, fruit diameter, fruit firmnesse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Magnetized water plus calcium silicate gave the highest leaf area, tree yield, fruit diameter, fruit firmness and leaf silicon content”
t0“Valencia orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetized water plus calcium silicate gave the highest leaf silicon content.
- Taxon
- Valencia orange treesCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- Magnetized water plus calcium silicatee0
- Outcome
- leaf silicon contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Magnetized water plus calcium silicate gave the highest leaf area, tree yield, fruit diameter, fruit firmness and leaf silicon content”
t0“Valencia orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetized water plus EM gave the greatest tree height, canopy circumference and trunk circumference.
- Taxon
- Valencia orange treesCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- Magnetized water plus Microorganisme0
- Interactor
- mixture of yeast -photosynthetic and lactic bacteria and sterptomycetese0symbiont
- Outcome
- height of tree, Canopy circumference, trunk circumferencee0
- Direction
- moste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Magnetized water plus Microorganism consists of mixture of yeast -photosynthetic and lactic bacteria and sterptomycetes (EM) treatment caused the most height of tree, Canopy circumference, trunk circumference, and leaf nitrogen and zinc”
t0“Valencia orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetized water plus EM gave the highest leaf nitrogen and zinc.
- Taxon
- Valencia orange treesCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- Magnetized water plus Microorganisme0
- Interactor
- mixture of yeast -photosynthetic and lactic bacteria and sterptomycetese0symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf nitrogen and zince0
- Direction
- moste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Magnetized water plus Microorganism consists of mixture of yeast -photosynthetic and lactic bacteria and sterptomycetes (EM) treatment caused the most height of tree, Canopy circumference, trunk circumference, and leaf nitrogen and zinc”
t0“Valencia orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetized water plus calcium silicate gave the highest leaf carbohydrate and fruit vitamin C content.
- Taxon
- Valencia orange treesCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- Mgnetized water plus calcium silicatee0
- Outcome
- leaf carbohydrate and fruit vitamin C contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mgnetized water plus calcium silicate and magnetized water plus EM treatments showed the highest leaf carbohydrate and fruit vitamin C content”
t0“Valencia orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetized water plus EM gave the highest leaf carbohydrate and fruit vitamin C content.
- Taxon
- Valencia orange treesCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- magnetized water plus EMe0
- Outcome
- leaf carbohydrate and fruit vitamin C contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mgnetized water plus calcium silicate and magnetized water plus EM treatments showed the highest leaf carbohydrate and fruit vitamin C content”
t0“Valencia orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetized water plus humic acid gave the highest leaf potassium.
- Taxon
- Valencia orange treesCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- Magnetized water plus humic acide0
- Outcome
- leaf potassiume0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Magnetized water plus humic acid and magnetized water plus EM treatments gave the highest leaf potassium”
t0“Valencia orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetized water plus EM gave the highest leaf potassium.
- Taxon
- Valencia orange treesCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- magnetized water plus EMe0
- Outcome
- leaf potassiume0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Magnetized water plus humic acid and magnetized water plus EM treatments gave the highest leaf potassium”
t0“Valencia orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetized water plus humic acid gave the highest fruit weight.
- Taxon
- Valencia orange treesCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- magnetized water plus humic acide0
- Outcome
- Fruit weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit weight was highest by magnetized water plus humic acid and magnetized water plus magnetite”
t0“Valencia orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetized water plus magnetite gave the highest fruit weight.
- Taxon
- Valencia orange treesCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- magnetized water plus magnetitee0
- Outcome
- Fruit weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit weight was highest by magnetized water plus humic acid and magnetized water plus magnetite”
t0“Valencia orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend magnetized water with humic acid, silicon and EM under similar saline irrigation conditions.
Verbatim
e0“use of magnetized water technique with humic acid, silicon and EM applications would be an economically and safe alternative tool to solve the problem of irrigating with saline water and to enhance orange tree growth and productivity grown under similar conditions of the present study”
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