Abstract
Red plus blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are commonly applied in plant factories with artificial lighting due to photosynthetic pigments, which absorb strongly in red and blue light regions of the spectrum. However, plants grown under natural environment are used to utilizing broad-wide spectrum by long-term evolution. In order to examine the effects of addition light added in red plus blue LEDs or white LEDs, green and purple leaf lettuces (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Lvdie and Ziya) were hydroponically cultivated for 20 days under white LEDs, white plus red LEDs, red plus blue LEDs, and red plus blue LEDs supplemented with ultraviolet, green or far-red light, respectively. The results indicated that the addition of far-red light in red plus blue LEDs increased leaf fresh and dry weights of green leaf lettuce by 28% and 34%, respectively. Addition of ultraviolet light did not induce any differences in growth and energy use efficiency in both lettuce cultivars, while supplementing green light with red plus blue LEDs reduced the vitamin C content of green leaf lettuce by 44% and anthocyanin content of purple leaf lettuce by 30% compared with red plus blue LEDs, respectively. Spectral absorbencies of purple leaf lettuce grown under red plus blue LEDs supplemented with green light were lower in green light region compared with those grown under red plus blue LEDs, which was associated with anthocyanin contents. White plus red LEDs significantly increased leaf fresh and dry weights of purple leaf lettuce by 25%, and no significant differences were observed in vitamin C and nitrate contents compared with white LEDs. Fresh weight, light and electrical energy use efficiencies of hydroponic green and purple leaf lettuces grown under white plus red LEDs were higher or no significant differences compared with those grown under red plus blue LEDs. In conclusion, white plus red LEDs were suggested to substitute for red plus blue LEDs in hydroponic lettuce (cv. Lvdie and Ziya) production in plant factories with artificial lighting. Keywords: plant factory, hydroponic lettuce, light-emitting diodes (LED), light energy use efficiency, artificial lighting, absorption spectrum, anthocyanin content, photosynthetic pigments DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20201302.5135 Citation: Yan Z N, He D X, Niu G H, Zhou Q, Qu Y H. Growth, nutritional quality, and energy use efficiency in two lettuce cultivars as influenced by white plus red versus red plus blue LEDs. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 13(2): 33–40.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red supplementation increased dry weight of green lettuce leaves by 34%.
Verbatim
e0“addition of far-red light in red plus blue LEDs increased leaf fresh and dry weights of green leaf lettuce by 28% and 34%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ultraviolet supplementation produced no detected growth difference in either lettuce cultivar.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- Addition of ultraviolet lighte0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- did not induce any differencese0
- Qualifier
- both lettuce cultivarse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of ultraviolet light did not induce any differences in growth and energy use efficiency in both lettuce cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Ultraviolet supplementation produced no detected energy-use-efficiency difference in either lettuce cultivar.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- Addition of ultraviolet lighte0
- Outcome
- energy use efficiencye0
- Direction
- did not induce any differencese0
- Qualifier
- both lettuce cultivarse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of ultraviolet light did not induce any differences in growth and energy use efficiency in both lettuce cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Green supplementation reduced green lettuce vitamin C by 44%.
Verbatim
e0“supplementing green light with red plus blue LEDs reduced the vitamin C content of green leaf lettuce by 44% and anthocyanin content of purple leaf lettuce by 30% compared with red plus blue LEDs”
Claim · model-written summary
Green supplementation reduced purple lettuce anthocyanin by 30%.
Verbatim
e0“supplementing green light with red plus blue LEDs reduced the vitamin C content of green leaf lettuce by 44% and anthocyanin content of purple leaf lettuce by 30% compared with red plus blue LEDs”
Claim · model-written summary
Purple lettuce under green supplemented red-blue LEDs had lower green-region spectral absorbance.
Verbatim
e0“Spectral absorbencies of purple leaf lettuce grown under red plus blue LEDs supplemented with green light were lower in green light region compared with those grown under red plus blue LEDs, which was associated with anthocyanin contents.”
Claim · model-written summary
White plus red LEDs increased purple lettuce leaf fresh weight by 25%.
Verbatim
e0“White plus red LEDs significantly increased leaf fresh and dry weights of purple leaf lettuce by 25%, and no significant differences were observed in vitamin C and nitrate contents compared with white LEDs.”
Claim · model-written summary
White plus red LEDs increased purple lettuce leaf dry weight by 25%.
Verbatim
e0“White plus red LEDs significantly increased leaf fresh and dry weights of purple leaf lettuce by 25%, and no significant differences were observed in vitamin C and nitrate contents compared with white LEDs.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vitamin C content did not differ significantly between white plus red and white LED treatments.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- White plus red LEDse0
- Outcome
- vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Comparator
- white LEDse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“White plus red LEDs significantly increased leaf fresh and dry weights of purple leaf lettuce by 25%, and no significant differences were observed in vitamin C and nitrate contents compared with white LEDs.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate content did not differ significantly between white plus red and white LED treatments.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- White plus red LEDse0
- Outcome
- nitrate contentse0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Comparator
- white LEDse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“White plus red LEDs significantly increased leaf fresh and dry weights of purple leaf lettuce by 25%, and no significant differences were observed in vitamin C and nitrate contents compared with white LEDs.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh weight and light and electrical energy-use efficiency under white plus red LEDs were higher or not significantly different from red plus blue LEDs for both cultivars.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh weight, light and electrical energy use efficiencies of hydroponic green and purple leaf lettuces grown under white plus red LEDs were higher or no significant differences compared with those grown under red plus blue LEDs.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggested white plus red LEDs for hydroponic lettuce production in plant factories.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Material
- cv. Lvdie and Ziyae0
- Outcome
- white plus red LEDs were suggested to substitute for red plus blue LEDse0
- Setting
- plant factoriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“white plus red LEDs were suggested to substitute for red plus blue LEDs in hydroponic lettuce (cv. Lvdie and Ziya) production in plant factories with artificial lighting.”
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