Abstract
The potential yield of sunflower can be attained by optimizing nitrogen application for specific soil types. Therefore, this study was conducted during autumn and spring seasons of 2019 in the greenhouse structure of North-West University, South Africa to evaluate the effect of N based fertilizer and soil type on the performance of sunflower. A pot experiment was laid out in 2 × 6 factorial design fitted in a complete randomised design with three replications. Two soil types were clay loam and sandy loam with six nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 200 kg/ha). Growth parameters viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, chlorophyll content and stem diameter were recorded. Soil type had significant effect (p≤0.05) on number of leaves per plant and leaf area. Sunflower planted on clay loam soil had significantly higher number of leaves of 11.86 and 15.61 per plant on 46 and 60 days after planting, respectively. Sunflower planted on clay loam soil also had significantly higher leaf area of 194.5 cm2 on 74 days after planting. Nitrogen fertilizer rate had significant effect (p≤0.05) on sunflower leaf area and chlorophyll content. Sunflower treated with 180 kg N/ha had significantly large leaf area of 221.4 cm2 and higher chlorophyll content index (CCI) of 18.73. The results of this study reveal that clay loam soil is more suitable for production of sunflower. Nitrogen fertilizer rate of 180 kg/ha can be considered optimum for higher growth and development of sunflower.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Soil type significantly affected sunflower number of leaves per plant.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- Soil typee0
- Outcome
- number of leaves per plante0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus)”
e0“Soil type had significant effect (p≤0.05) on number of leaves per plant and leaf area.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil type significantly affected sunflower leaf area.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Soil typee0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus)”
e0“Soil type had significant effect (p≤0.05) on number of leaves per plant and leaf area.”
Claim · model-written summary
Clay loam sunflower had higher leaf counts of 11.86 at 46.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Organ / stage
- 46e0
- Treatment
- clay loam soile0
- Outcome
- number of leavese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 11.86e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower planted on clay loam soil had significantly higher number of leaves of 11.86 and 15.61 per plant on 46 and 60 days after planting, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Clay loam sunflower had higher leaf counts of 15.61 per plant at 60 days after planting.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Organ / stage
- 60 days after plantinge0
- Treatment
- clay loam soile0
- Outcome
- number of leavese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 15.61 per plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower planted on clay loam soil had significantly higher number of leaves of 11.86 and 15.61 per plant on 46 and 60 days after planting, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Clay loam sunflower had higher leaf area of 194.5 cm2 at 74 days after planting.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Organ / stage
- 74 days after plantinge0
- Treatment
- clay loam soile0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 194.5 cm2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower planted on clay loam soil also had significantly higher leaf area of 194.5 cm2 on 74 days after planting.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer rate significantly affected sunflower leaf area.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizer ratee0
- Outcome
- sunflower leaf areae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilizer rate had significant effect (p≤0.05) on sunflower leaf area and chlorophyll content.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer rate significantly affected chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizer ratee0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilizer rate had significant effect (p≤0.05) on sunflower leaf area and chlorophyll content.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 180 kg N/ha sunflower had large leaf area of 221.4 cm2.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- 180 kg N/hae0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- largee0
- Value
- 221.4 cm2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower treated with 180 kg N/ha had significantly large leaf area of 221.4 cm2 and higher chlorophyll content index (CCI) of 18.73.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 180 kg N/ha sunflower had higher chlorophyll content index of 18.73.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- 180 kg N/hae0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content index (CCI)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 18.73e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower treated with 180 kg N/ha had significantly large leaf area of 221.4 cm2 and higher chlorophyll content index (CCI) of 18.73.”
Claim · model-written summary
Clay loam soil was judged more suitable for sunflower production.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- clay loam soil is more suitable for production of sunflowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results of this study reveal that clay loam soil is more suitable for production of sunflower.”
Claim · model-written summary
A nitrogen fertilizer rate of 180 kg/ha was recommended as optimal for sunflower growth and development.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- 180 kg/ha can be considered optimum for higher growth and development of sunflowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilizer rate of 180 kg/ha can be considered optimum for higher growth and development of sunflower.”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
62 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
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See all 76 papers →nitrogen · physiology: pigments · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.