Abstract
Abstract Little is known about herbicide‐N fertilizer combinations with respect to the growth and mineral composition of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.). The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of prometryn (2,4‐bis(isopropylamino)‐6‐(methylthio)‐s‐triazine), terbutryn (2‐(tert‐butylamino)‐4‐(ethylamino)‐6‐(methylthio)‐striazine), trifluralin (α,α,α‐trifluoro‐2,6‐dinitro‐N,N‐dipropyl‐p‐toluidine), and N level on the growth and N uptake by this crop. Sunflower was grown in greenhouse for 60 days in soil to which was added various levels of N and herbicides. Dry matter yields, N concentration and N uptake were determined. Low N levels significantly increased stem diameter and chlorophyll content of leaves as compared to the no N level. Nitrogen application above 25 ppm did not increase stem diameter. All N‐treated plants produced more dry matter and contained significantly higher N than untreated seedlings. Prometryntreated seedlings developed chlorotic symptoms, causing plant death. Nitrogen uptake increased with 1 ppm terbutryn, but 2 ppm terbutryn increased N concentration and uptake but decreased plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, and total plant weight of sunflower. The tendency for terbutryn to increase N concentration was more pronounced when sunflower was under N stress. Trifluralin did not significantly increase top dry weight or N uptake, nor did it interact with N treatments.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen increased sunflower stem diameter and leaf chlorophyll relative to no nitrogen.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- Low N levelse0
- Outcome
- stem diameter and chlorophyll content of leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the no N levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low N levels significantly increased stem diameter and chlorophyll content of leaves as compared to the no N level.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen above 25 ppm did not increase stem diameter.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen application above 25 ppme0
- Outcome
- stem diametere0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen application above 25 ppm did not increase stem diameter.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen-treated sunflower produced more dry matter than untreated seedlings.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- N‐treatede0
- Outcome
- dry mattere0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- untreated seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All N‐treated plants produced more dry matter and contained significantly higher N than untreated seedlings.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen-treated sunflower contained more nitrogen than untreated seedlings.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- N‐treatede0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- untreated seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All N‐treated plants produced more dry matter and contained significantly higher N than untreated seedlings.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Prometryn-treated seedlings developed chlorosis and died.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Prometryne0
- Outcome
- chlorotic symptoms, causing plant deathe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prometryntreated seedlings developed chlorotic symptoms, causing plant death.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
One ppm terbutryn increased nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 1 ppm terbutryne0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen uptake increased with 1 ppm terbutryn”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Two ppm terbutryn increased nitrogen concentration and uptake.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 2 ppm terbutryne0
- Outcome
- N concentration and uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2 ppm terbutryn increased N concentration and uptake”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Two ppm terbutryn decreased sunflower height, stem diameter and chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- 2 ppm terbutryne0
- Outcome
- plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2 ppm terbutryn increased N concentration and uptake but decreased plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, and total plant weight of sunflower.”
Claim · model-written summary
Two ppm terbutryn decreased sunflower total plant weight.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- 2 ppm terbutryne0
- Outcome
- total plant weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2 ppm terbutryn increased N concentration and uptake but decreased plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, and total plant weight of sunflower.”
Claim · model-written summary
Terbutryn increased nitrogen concentration more under nitrogen stress.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- terbutryne0
- Outcome
- N concentratione0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Qualifier
- under N stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tendency for terbutryn to increase N concentration was more pronounced when sunflower was under N stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin did not significantly increase top dry weight or nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Trifluraline0
- Outcome
- top dry weight or N uptakee0
- Direction
- did not significantly increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trifluralin did not significantly increase top dry weight or N uptake, nor did it interact with N treatments.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin did not interact with nitrogen treatments.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- N treatmentse0
- Outcome
- interacte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nor did it interact with N treatments.”
t0“Sunflower”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.