Abstract
Atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) have been increasing steadily over the last century. Plants grown under elevated CO2 experience physiological changes that influence their suitability as food. Previous studies have found increased insect herbivory on plants grown under elevated CO2. To determine effects of consuming foliage of soybean (Glycine max) grown under elevated CO2 on adult survivorship and fecundity, Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica Newman) were fed for the duration of their adult lives leaves grown under elevated CO2 (550 μmol/mol), under ambient atmosphere (370 μmol/mol), or grown under ambient atmosphere but supplemented with a solution of sugars. To determine effects of a diet of foliage grown under elevated ozone (O3), another anthropogenic gaseous pollutant, beetles in the laboratory were fed soybean leaves grown under elevated CO2, elevated O3, or a combination of both elevated gases. Leaf tissue was also analyzed for longevity-enhancing antioxidants, because increases in dietary antioxidants can increase lifespan. Lifespan of Japanese beetles was prolonged by 8–25% when fed foliage developed under elevated CO2, but consuming foliage that had taken up sugars to approximately the same level as foliage grown under elevated CO2 had no effect on fecundity or longevity. Females consuming elevated CO2 foliage laid approximately twice as many eggs as females fed foliage grown under ambient conditions. Consuming foliage grown under elevated O3 had no effect on fecundity. No significant differences in total antioxidant content of foliage from ambient and elevated CO2 conditions were detected. Although the precise mechanism is unclear, by altering components of leaf chemistry other than sugar content, elevated CO2 may increase populations of Japanese beetles and their impact on crop productivity.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Lifespan of Japanese beetles was prolonged by 8–25% when fed soybean foliage grown under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- foliage developed under elevated CO2e3
- Interactor
- Japanese beetles
Popillia japonicae1herbivore - Outcome
- Lifespane3
- Direction
- prolongede3
- Value
- 8–25%e3
- Comparator
- ambient atmospheree2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“consuming foliage of soybean (Glycine max)”
e1“Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica Newman)”
e2“grown under elevated CO2 (550 μmol/mol), under ambient atmosphere (370 μmol/mol)”
e3“Lifespan of Japanese beetles was prolonged by 8–25% when fed foliage developed under elevated CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Female Japanese beetles fed elevated CO2 foliage laid approximately twice as many eggs as those fed ambient-grown foliage.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2 foliagee4
- Interactor
- Japanese beetlesPopillia japonicae1herbivore
- Outcome
- eggse4
- Direction
- higherinferrede4
- Value
- approximately twicee4
- Comparator
- foliage grown under ambient conditionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“consuming foliage of soybean (Glycine max)”
e1“Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica Newman)”
e4“Females consuming elevated CO2 foliage laid approximately twice as many eggs as females fed foliage grown under ambient conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated O3 foliage had no effect on Japanese beetle fecundity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- foliage grown under elevated O3e5
- Interactor
- Japanese beetlesPopillia japonicae1herbivore
- Outcome
- fecunditye5
- Direction
- had no effecte5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“consuming foliage of soybean (Glycine max)”
e1“Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica Newman)”
e5“Consuming foliage grown under elevated O3 had no effect on fecundity”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliage that had taken up sugars to the level of elevated CO2 foliage had no effect on fecundity or longevity of Japanese beetles.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- foliage that had taken up sugarse6
- Interactor
- Japanese beetlesPopillia japonicae1herbivore
- Outcome
- fecundity or longevitye6
- Direction
- had no effecte6
- Comparator
- foliage grown under elevated CO2e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“consuming foliage of soybean (Glycine max)”
e1“Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica Newman)”
e6“consuming foliage that had taken up sugars to approximately the same level as foliage grown under elevated CO2 had no effect on fecundity or longevity”
Claim · model-written summary
No significant difference in total antioxidant content of soybean foliage between elevated and ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2 conditionse7
- Outcome
- total antioxidant content of foliagee7
- Direction
- No significant differencese7
- Comparator
- ambiente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“consuming foliage of soybean (Glycine max)”
e7“No significant differences in total antioxidant content of foliage from ambient and elevated CO2 conditions were detected”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 may increase Japanese beetle populations by altering leaf chemistry other than sugar content; the mechanism is unclear.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- populations of Japanese beetlese6
- Qualifier
- altering components of leaf chemistry other than sugar contente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“consuming foliage of soybean (Glycine max)”
e6“Although the precise mechanism is unclear, by altering components of leaf chemistry other than sugar content, elevated CO2 may increase populations of Japanese beetles and their impact on crop productivity”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · molecular: metabolites · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →ozone · Popillia japonica · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.