Abstract
Atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) have been increasing steadily over the last century. Plants grown under elevated CO(2) experience physiological changes that influence their suitability as food. Previous studies have found increased insect herbivory on plants grown under elevated CO(2). To determine effects of consuming foliage of soybean (Glycine max) grown under elevated CO(2) on adult survivorship and fecundity, Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica Newman) were fed for the duration of their adult lives leaves grown under elevated CO(2) (550 mumol/mol), under ambient atmosphere (370 mumol/mol), or grown under ambient atmosphere but supplemented with a solution of sugars. To determine effects of a diet of foliage grown under elevated ozone (O(3)), another anthropogenic gaseous pollutant, beetles in the laboratory were fed soybean leaves grown under elevated CO(2), elevated O(3), or a combination of both elevated gases. Leaf tissue was also analyzed for longevity-enhancing antioxidants, because increases in dietary antioxidants can increase lifespan. Lifespan of Japanese beetles was prolonged by 8-25% when fed foliage developed under elevated CO(2), but consuming foliage that had taken up sugars to approximately the same level as foliage grown under elevated CO(2) had no effect on fecundity or longevity. Females consuming elevated CO(2) foliage laid approximately twice as many eggs as females fed foliage grown under ambient conditions. Consuming foliage grown under elevated O(3) had no effect on fecundity. No significant differences in total antioxidant content of foliage from ambient and elevated CO(2) conditions were detected. Although the precise mechanism is unclear, by altering components of leaf chemistry other than sugar content, elevated CO(2) may increase populations of Japanese beetles and their impact on crop productivity.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Japanese beetle lifespan was prolonged by 8-25% when beetles fed soybean foliage grown under elevated CO2, compared with ambient atmosphere.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max)
Glycine maxe2 - Organ / stage
- foliagee0
- Treatment
- elevated CO(2)e0
- Interactor
- Japanese beetles
Popillia japonicae0herbivore - Outcome
- Lifespan of Japanese beetlese0
- Direction
- prolongede0
- Value
- 8-25%e0
- Comparator
- ambient atmospheree1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lifespan of Japanese beetles was prolonged by 8-25% when fed foliage developed under elevated CO(2)”
e1“under ambient atmosphere (370 mumol/mol)”
e2“consuming foliage of soybean (Glycine max) grown under elevated CO(2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Female Japanese beetles fed soybean foliage grown under elevated CO2 laid approximately twice as many eggs as females fed ambient-grown foliage.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max)Glycine maxe2
- Organ / stage
- foliagee3
- Treatment
- elevated CO(2) foliagee3
- Interactor
- Japanese beetlesPopillia japonicae0herbivore
- Outcome
- eggse3
- Direction
- higherinferrede3
- Value
- approximately twicee3
- Comparator
- foliage grown under ambient conditionse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lifespan of Japanese beetles was prolonged by 8-25% when fed foliage developed under elevated CO(2)”
e2“consuming foliage of soybean (Glycine max) grown under elevated CO(2)”
e3“Females consuming elevated CO(2) foliage laid approximately twice as many eggs as females fed foliage grown under ambient conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean foliage grown under elevated O3 had no effect on Japanese beetle fecundity.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max)Glycine maxe2
- Organ / stage
- foliagee4
- Treatment
- elevated O(3)e4
- Interactor
- Japanese beetlesPopillia japonicae0herbivore
- Outcome
- fecunditye4
- Direction
- had no effecte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lifespan of Japanese beetles was prolonged by 8-25% when fed foliage developed under elevated CO(2)”
e2“consuming foliage of soybean (Glycine max) grown under elevated CO(2)”
e4“Consuming foliage grown under elevated O(3) had no effect on fecundity”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean foliage whose sugar content was raised by sugar solution to the level of elevated CO2 foliage had no effect on Japanese beetle fecundity or longevity.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max)Glycine maxe2
- Organ / stage
- foliagee6
- Treatment
- foliage that had taken up sugarse6
- Interactor
- Japanese beetlesPopillia japonicae0herbivore
- Outcome
- fecundity or longevitye6
- Direction
- had no effecte6
- Comparator
- ambient atmospheree5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lifespan of Japanese beetles was prolonged by 8-25% when fed foliage developed under elevated CO(2)”
e2“consuming foliage of soybean (Glycine max) grown under elevated CO(2)”
e5“grown under ambient atmosphere but supplemented with a solution of sugars”
e6“consuming foliage that had taken up sugars to approximately the same level as foliage grown under elevated CO(2) had no effect on fecundity or longevity”
Claim · model-written summary
Total antioxidant content of soybean foliage did not differ significantly between ambient and elevated CO2 conditions.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max)Glycine maxe2
- Organ / stage
- foliagee7
- Treatment
- elevated CO(2)e7
- Outcome
- total antioxidant contente7
- Direction
- No significant differencese7
- Comparator
- ambiente7
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“consuming foliage of soybean (Glycine max) grown under elevated CO(2)”
e7“No significant differences in total antioxidant content of foliage from ambient and elevated CO(2) conditions were detected”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 may increase Japanese beetle populations, and their impact on crop productivity, by altering leaf chemistry other than sugar content; the precise mechanism is unclear.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max)Glycine maxe2
- Treatment
- elevated CO(2)e7
- Interactor
- Japanese beetlesPopillia japonicae7herbivore
- Outcome
- populations of Japanese beetlese7
- Qualifier
- altering components of leaf chemistry other than sugar contente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“consuming foliage of soybean (Glycine max) grown under elevated CO(2)”
e7“Although the precise mechanism is unclear, by altering components of leaf chemistry other than sugar content, elevated CO(2) may increase populations of Japanese beetles and their impact on crop productivity”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · molecular: metabolites · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →ozone · Popillia japonica · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
co2 · Popillia japonica · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.