Abstract
Greenhouse experimental studies were conducted to evaluate certain biological control agents and other chemical compounds belonging to different groups to suppress the population density of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) in the sandy soil on tomato plants cv. Super strain B. The biological control agents were the antagonistic bacterium Pseudomonas flouroscence, antagonistic fungus Trichoderma harazianum and their mixture. Meanwhile, the chemical compounds included cadusafos, fosthiazate, carbofuran and oxamyl, as well as the biopesticide abamectin. The data revealed that carbofuran and P. flouroscenceproved to be the most effective treatments suppressing the final population of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita). Both carbofuran and P. flouroscence showed the same effect as the mean reduction of population density reached 92.7%, followed by the mixture ofT. harazianum and P. flouroscence (88.9 %), then T. harazianum alone which achieved a reduction of 88.1%. Fosthiazate was the least effective treatment on population density giving a reduction of 53.7%. Cadusafos gave the highest reduction percentage (55.3%) on galls/5g roots, followed by abamectin, oxamyl and fosthiazate which recorded 54, 53.9 and 51.1% reduction, respectively. Meanwhile, T. harazianum recorded the least reduction in galls (11.5%). Abamectin gave the highest reduction (77.2 %) of root-egg masses/5g roots followed by fosthiazate, oxamyl and the mixture of T. harazianum and P. flouroscence (63.9%, 60.9% and 60.4% reduction), respectively. All the evaluated treatments proved to be effective in enhancing the plant growth of tomatoes and showed indirect effect on the length and weight of root and shoot systems. Abamectin was the superior treatment in increasing the root system length by 44.2 %. on the other hand, the mixture of T. harazianum and P. flouroscence decreased the root system length by 4.1 %. P. flouroscence was the most effective treatment achieving an increase of 88.7 % in root system fresh weight, followed by abamectin and cadusafos which gave 87.4% and 81.0% increasing. However, T. harazianum showed the least increase in root system fresh weight (20.9%). Also, P. flouroscence gave the highest increase percentage of the shoot system length followed by abamectin and carbofuran. In respect to the shoot system weight, abamectin gave the highest increase over all the tested treatments (94.4%), followed by fosthiazate and P. flouroscence which recorded increase of 90.9% and 89.4%, respectively. Vice versa, T. harazianum recorded the least increase in both shoot system length and weight giving increase of 58.7% and 72.8%, respectively, compared with the untreated check.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran reduced the population density of Meloidogyne incognita by 92.7% on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Material
- Super strain Be0
- Treatment
- carbofurane2
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae1pest - Outcome
- population densitye2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 92.7%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“in the sandy soil on tomato plants cv. Super strain B”
e1“suppressing the final population of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita)”
e2“Both carbofuran and P. flouroscence showed the same effect as the mean reduction of population density reached 92.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas fluorescens reduced the population density of Meloidogyne incognita by 92.7% on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Super strain Be0
- Treatment
- P. flouroscencee2
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Second interactor
- P. flouroscencee2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- population densitye2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 92.7%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the sandy soil on tomato plants cv. Super strain B”
e1“suppressing the final population of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita)”
e2“Both carbofuran and P. flouroscence showed the same effect as the mean reduction of population density reached 92.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture of T. harazianum and P. flouroscence reduced the population density of Meloidogyne incognita by 88.9% on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Super strain Be0
- Treatment
- mixture of T. harazianum and P. flouroscencee3
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Second interactor
- T. harazianume3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- population densitye3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Value
- 88.9 %e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the sandy soil on tomato plants cv. Super strain B”
e1“suppressing the final population of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita)”
e3“reduction of population density reached 92.7%, followed by the mixture ofT. harazianum and P. flouroscence (88.9 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma harazianum alone reduced the population density of Meloidogyne incognita by 88.1% on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Super strain Be0
- Treatment
- T. harazianum alonee4
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Second interactor
- T. harazianume4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- population densitye3
- Direction
- reductione4
- Value
- 88.1%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the sandy soil on tomato plants cv. Super strain B”
e1“suppressing the final population of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita)”
e3“reduction of population density reached 92.7%, followed by the mixture ofT. harazianum and P. flouroscence (88.9 %)”
e4“then T. harazianum alone which achieved a reduction of 88.1%”
Claim · model-written summary
Fosthiazate was the least effective treatment, reducing the population density of Meloidogyne incognita by 53.7% on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Super strain Be0
- Treatment
- Fosthiazatee5
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Outcome
- population densitye5
- Direction
- reductione5
- Value
- 53.7%e5
- Qualifier
- least effectivee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the sandy soil on tomato plants cv. Super strain B”
e1“suppressing the final population of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita)”
e5“Fosthiazate was the least effective treatment on population density giving a reduction of 53.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadusafos gave the highest reduction of galls by 55.3% on tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Super strain Be0
- Treatment
- Cadusafose6
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Outcome
- galls/5g rootse6
- Direction
- reductione6
- Value
- 55.3%e6
- Qualifier
- higheste6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the sandy soil on tomato plants cv. Super strain B”
e1“suppressing the final population of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita)”
e6“Cadusafos gave the highest reduction percentage (55.3%) on galls/5g roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Abamectin reduced galls by 54% on tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Super strain Be0
- Treatment
- abamectine7
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Outcome
- galls/5g rootse6
- Direction
- reductione7
- Value
- 54e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the sandy soil on tomato plants cv. Super strain B”
e1“suppressing the final population of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita)”
e6“Cadusafos gave the highest reduction percentage (55.3%) on galls/5g roots”
e7“followed by abamectin, oxamyl and fosthiazate which recorded 54, 53.9 and 51.1% reduction, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxamyl reduced galls by 53.9% on tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Super strain Be0
- Treatment
- oxamyle7
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Outcome
- galls/5g rootse6
- Direction
- reductione7
- Value
- 53.9e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the sandy soil on tomato plants cv. Super strain B”
e1“suppressing the final population of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita)”
e6“Cadusafos gave the highest reduction percentage (55.3%) on galls/5g roots”
e7“followed by abamectin, oxamyl and fosthiazate which recorded 54, 53.9 and 51.1% reduction, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Fosthiazate reduced galls by 51.1% on tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Super strain Be0
- Treatment
- fosthiazatee7
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Outcome
- galls/5g rootse6
- Direction
- reductione7
- Value
- 51.1%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the sandy soil on tomato plants cv. Super strain B”
e1“suppressing the final population of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita)”
e6“Cadusafos gave the highest reduction percentage (55.3%) on galls/5g roots”
e7“followed by abamectin, oxamyl and fosthiazate which recorded 54, 53.9 and 51.1% reduction, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma harazianum gave the least reduction of galls, 11.5%, on tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Super strain Be0
- Treatment
- T. harazianume2
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Second interactor
- T. harazianume2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- gallse2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 11.5%e2
- Qualifier
- leaste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the sandy soil on tomato plants cv. Super strain B”
e1“suppressing the final population of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita)”
e2“Meanwhile, T. harazianum recorded the least reduction in galls (11.5%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Abamectin gave the highest reduction of root-egg masses, 77.2%, on tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Super strain Be0
- Treatment
- Abamectine2
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Outcome
- root-egg masses/5g rootse2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 77.2 %e2
- Qualifier
- higheste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the sandy soil on tomato plants cv. Super strain B”
e1“suppressing the final population of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita)”
e2“Abamectin gave the highest reduction (77.2 %) of root-egg masses/5g roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Fosthiazate reduced root-egg masses by 63.9% on tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Super strain Be0
- Treatment
- fosthiazatee3
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Outcome
- root-egg masses/5g rootse2
- Direction
- reductione3
- Value
- 63.9%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the sandy soil on tomato plants cv. Super strain B”
e1“suppressing the final population of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita)”
e2“Abamectin gave the highest reduction (77.2 %) of root-egg masses/5g roots”
e3“followed by fosthiazate, oxamyl and the mixture of T. harazianum and P. flouroscence (63.9%, 60.9% and 60.4% reduction), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxamyl reduced root-egg masses by 60.9% on tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Super strain Be0
- Treatment
- oxamyle3
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Outcome
- root-egg masses/5g rootse2
- Direction
- reductione3
- Value
- 60.9%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the sandy soil on tomato plants cv. Super strain B”
e1“suppressing the final population of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita)”
e2“Abamectin gave the highest reduction (77.2 %) of root-egg masses/5g roots”
e3“followed by fosthiazate, oxamyl and the mixture of T. harazianum and P. flouroscence (63.9%, 60.9% and 60.4% reduction), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture of T. harazianum and P. flouroscence reduced root-egg masses by 60.4% on tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Super strain Be0
- Treatment
- mixture of T. harazianum and P. flouroscencee3
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Second interactor
- T. harazianume3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root-egg masses/5g rootse2
- Direction
- reductione3
- Value
- 60.4%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the sandy soil on tomato plants cv. Super strain B”
e1“suppressing the final population of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita)”
e2“Abamectin gave the highest reduction (77.2 %) of root-egg masses/5g roots”
e3“followed by fosthiazate, oxamyl and the mixture of T. harazianum and P. flouroscence (63.9%, 60.9% and 60.4% reduction), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Abamectin increased root system length of tomato by 44.2%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Super strain Be0
- Treatment
- Abamectine1
- Outcome
- root system lengthe1
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Value
- 44.2 %e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the sandy soil on tomato plants cv. Super strain B”
e1“Abamectin was the superior treatment in increasing the root system length by 44.2 %”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture of T. harazianum and P. flouroscence decreased root system length of tomato by 4.1%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Super strain Be0
- Treatment
- mixture of T. harazianum and P. flouroscencee1
- Outcome
- root system lengthe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 4.1 %e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the sandy soil on tomato plants cv. Super strain B”
e1“the mixture of T. harazianum and P. flouroscence decreased the root system length by 4.1 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas fluorescens increased root system fresh weight of tomato by 88.7%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Super strain Be0
- Treatment
- P. flouroscencee1
- Outcome
- root system fresh weighte1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 88.7 %e1
- Qualifier
- most effectivee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the sandy soil on tomato plants cv. Super strain B”
e1“P. flouroscence was the most effective treatment achieving an increase of 88.7 % in root system fresh weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Abamectin increased root system fresh weight of tomato by 87.4%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Super strain Be0
- Treatment
- abamectine2
- Outcome
- root system fresh weighte1
- Direction
- increasinge2
- Value
- 87.4%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the sandy soil on tomato plants cv. Super strain B”
e1“P. flouroscence was the most effective treatment achieving an increase of 88.7 % in root system fresh weight”
e2“followed by abamectin and cadusafos which gave 87.4% and 81.0% increasing”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadusafos increased root system fresh weight of tomato by 81.0%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Super strain Be0
- Treatment
- cadusafose2
- Outcome
- root system fresh weighte1
- Direction
- increasinge2
- Value
- 81.0%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the sandy soil on tomato plants cv. Super strain B”
e1“P. flouroscence was the most effective treatment achieving an increase of 88.7 % in root system fresh weight”
e2“followed by abamectin and cadusafos which gave 87.4% and 81.0% increasing”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma harazianum gave the least increase of root system fresh weight of tomato, 20.9%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Super strain Be0
- Treatment
- T. harazianume1
- Outcome
- root system fresh weighte1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 20.9%e1
- Qualifier
- leaste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the sandy soil on tomato plants cv. Super strain B”
e1“However, T. harazianum showed the least increase in root system fresh weight (20.9%)”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.