Abstract
TWO FIELD experiments were conducted at Wadi El-Natrun, El-Bahira Governorate, (latitude of 30.480 N and longitude of 30.500 E) during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons to study the impact of foliar application with alga extract (Spirulina platensis) and boron on yield and quality of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera, L.) planted in a sandy soil under sprinkler irrigation system. The present work included sixteen treatments, represented the combinations of four alga extract levels (without; 1.5; 2.5 and 3.5 g / liter) sprayed twice at 4-6 and 6-8 leaf stages as well as four concentrations of boron (without; 50; 100 and 150 ppm/liter/fad, as boric acid 17% boron) which, sprayed twice at 6-8 and 10 leaf stages. The treatments were arranged in a strip plot design in three replicates. The vertical plots were occupied with four levels of alga extract and the horizontal plots were devoted to the four levels of boron. The Results indicated that foliar application of alga extract using 2.5 g/l or 3.5 g/l produced significantly higher values of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoides), vegetative growth traits of sugar beet plants (root diameter, root and foliage fresh weight), (root and top dry weight/plant), extractable sugar %, quality index ,nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron contents in leaves and root, top and sugar yields/fad, as well as the lowest content of sodium in roots in both seasons. Higher values of root diameter, fresh weight/plant, root, top and sugar yields/fad, sucrose, extractable sugar, quality index percentages and boron contents in leaves and roots, at harvesting time, were obtained with spraying boron at 100 ppm/fad in both seasons. The interaction between alga extract and boron levels significantly affected chlorophyll (a), root fresh weight/plant in both seasons; chlorophyll (b), and root yield/fad in 1st one. The combination of 3.5 g/l alga extract along with 100 ppm boron can be recommended to get the maximum root yield/fad (27.13 t/fad) in 1st season, which showed an integrative role between fertilization using the alga extract and boron.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Alga extract at 2.5 or 3.5 g/l increased photosynthetic pigments.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1 - Treatment
- alga extract using 2.5 g/l or 3.5 g/le0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoides)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of alga extract using 2.5 g/l or 3.5 g/l produced significantly higher values of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoides)”
e1“sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Alga extract at 2.5 or 3.5 g/l increased growth traits.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- alga extract using 2.5 g/l or 3.5 g/le1
- Outcome
- root diameter, root and foliage fresh weighte0
- Direction
- highere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vegetative growth traits of sugar beet plants (root diameter, root and foliage fresh weight), (root and top dry weight/plant)”
e1“foliar application of alga extract using 2.5 g/l or 3.5 g/l”
e2“significantly higher values of photosynthetic pigments”
Claim · model-written summary
Alga extract increased root and top dry weight.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- alga extract using 2.5 g/l or 3.5 g/le2
- Outcome
- root and top dry weight/plante0
- Direction
- highere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“(root and top dry weight/plant)”
e1“sugar beet plants”
e2“foliar application of alga extract using 2.5 g/l or 3.5 g/l”
e3“significantly higher values of photosynthetic pigments”
Claim · model-written summary
Alga extract increased extractable sugar and quality index.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- alga extract using 2.5 g/l or 3.5 g/le2
- Outcome
- extractable sugar %, quality indexe0
- Direction
- highere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“extractable sugar %, quality index”
e1“sugar beet plants”
e2“foliar application of alga extract using 2.5 g/l or 3.5 g/l”
e3“significantly higher values of photosynthetic pigments”
Claim · model-written summary
Alga extract increased leaf N, P, K and B content.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- alga extract using 2.5 g/l or 3.5 g/le2
- Outcome
- nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron contents in leavese0
- Direction
- highere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron contents in leaves”
e1“sugar beet plants”
e2“foliar application of alga extract using 2.5 g/l or 3.5 g/l”
e3“significantly higher values of photosynthetic pigments”
Claim · model-written summary
Alga extract increased root, top and sugar yields.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- alga extract using 2.5 g/l or 3.5 g/le2
- Outcome
- root, top and sugar yields/fade0
- Direction
- highere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root, top and sugar yields/fad, as well as the lowest content”
e1“sugar beet plants”
e2“foliar application of alga extract using 2.5 g/l or 3.5 g/l”
e3“significantly higher values of photosynthetic pigments”
Claim · model-written summary
Alga extract produced the lowest root sodium content.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- alga extract using 2.5 g/l or 3.5 g/le2
- Outcome
- content of sodium in rootse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest content of sodium in roots in both seasons”
e1“sugar beet plants”
e2“foliar application of alga extract using 2.5 g/l or 3.5 g/l”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron at 100 ppm/fad increased root diameter and fresh weight.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- spraying boron at 100 ppm/fade0
- Outcome
- root diameter, fresh weight/plante0
- Direction
- Highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher values of root diameter, fresh weight/plant, root, top and sugar yields/fad, sucrose, extractable sugar, quality index percentages and boron contents in leaves and roots, at harvesting time, were obtained with spraying boron at 100 ppm/fad in both seasons”
e1“sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron at 100 ppm/fad increased root, top and sugar yields.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- spraying boron at 100 ppm/fade0
- Outcome
- root, top and sugar yields/fade0
- Direction
- Highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher values of root diameter, fresh weight/plant, root, top and sugar yields/fad, sucrose, extractable sugar, quality index percentages and boron contents in leaves and roots, at harvesting time, were obtained with spraying boron at 100 ppm/fad in both seasons”
e1“sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron at 100 ppm/fad increased sucrose, extractable sugar and quality index.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- spraying boron at 100 ppm/fade0
- Outcome
- sucrose, extractable sugar, quality index percentagese0
- Direction
- Highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher values of root diameter, fresh weight/plant, root, top and sugar yields/fad, sucrose, extractable sugar, quality index percentages and boron contents in leaves and roots, at harvesting time, were obtained with spraying boron at 100 ppm/fad in both seasons”
e1“sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron at 100 ppm/fad increased boron contents in leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- spraying boron at 100 ppm/fade0
- Outcome
- boron contents in leaves and rootse0
- Direction
- Highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher values of root diameter, fresh weight/plant, root, top and sugar yields/fad, sucrose, extractable sugar, quality index percentages and boron contents in leaves and roots, at harvesting time, were obtained with spraying boron at 100 ppm/fad in both seasons”
e1“sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Alga extract by boron interaction significantly affected chlorophyll a and root fresh weight in both seasons.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- interaction between alga extract and boron levelse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll (a), root fresh weight/plante0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction between alga extract and boron levels significantly affected chlorophyll (a), root fresh weight/plant in both seasons”
e1“sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Alga extract by boron interaction significantly affected chlorophyll b and root yield in the first season.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- interaction between alga extract and boron levelse2
- Outcome
- chlorophyll (b), and root yield/fade0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll (b), and root yield/fad in 1st one”
e1“sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera, L.)”
e2“The interaction between alga extract and boron levels significantly affected”
Claim · model-written summary
The 3.5 g/l alga extract and 100 ppm boron combination achieved 27.13 t/fad root yield in the first season.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- 3.5 g/l alga extract along with 100 ppm borone0
- Outcome
- root yield/fade0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 27.13 t/fade0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of 3.5 g/l alga extract along with 100 ppm boron can be recommended to get the maximum root yield/fad (27.13 t/fad) in 1st season”
e1“sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend 3.5 g/l alga extract with 100 ppm boron for maximum root yield.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- 3.5 g/l alga extract along with 100 ppm borone0
- Outcome
- maximum root yield/fade0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of 3.5 g/l alga extract along with 100 ppm boron can be recommended to get the maximum root yield/fad (27.13 t/fad) in 1st season”
e1“sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera, L.)”
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See all 21 papers →8 of 16 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.