Abstract
Limited data representing the southern U.S. production area exists for N nutrition in hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of N fertilizer rates and application timings on grain and whole milled rice yield for ‘XL723’ (RiceTec, Inc., Alvin, TX) as compared with widely grown inbred rice cv. Cocodrie on clay soils and Cheniere on silt loam soils. A factorial arrangement of cultivar, preflood (PF), panicle differentiation (PD), and panicle emergence (PE) N rates were established in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Missouri for a total of three site-years each for clay and silt loam soils. On clay soils, XL723 grain yield increased with increasing PF-N rate reaching 12,332 kg ha−1 at a PF-N rate of 202 kg N ha−1 ‘Cocodrie’ grain yield did not substantially increase with PF-N >151 kg N ha−1 Averaged across cultivars, a PD-N rate of 50 kg N ha−1 increased grain yields by 729 kg ha−1 when 101 kg N ha−1 was applied; however, as PF-N rate increased, the effects of PD-N were not significant. On silt loam soils, grain yields were 327 kg ha−1greater when 151 kg N ha−1 was applied PF compared with 101 kg N ha−1 Furthermore, a PE-N rate of 50 kg N ha−1 increased grain yield by 333 kg ha−1 On clay soils, maximum whole milled rice was obtained when a minimum of 151 kg N ha−1 was applied PF and 50 kg N ha−1 was applied at PE. On silt loam soils, the 101 kg N ha−1 PF rate produced 625 mg g−1 whole milled rice for Cheniere, whereas, the greatest concentration (613 mg g−1) of whole milled rice for XL723 was produced with 202 kg N ha−1. Finally, yield potential was 17 to 20% greater for XL723 compared with the inbred cultivars; however, at equal N rates, whole milled rice was higher with conventional inbred cultivars compared with XL723. Hybrid rice can be used in the southern U.S. rice-growing region to increase rice yield per unit of land area. Preflood N rates on hybrid rice should be equal to or greater than inbred cultivars. For practical implications, N management for hybrid rice should include a PE application to increase yield, whole milled rice, and also decrease the potential for lodging. As straw-strength increases with new rice hybrids, PF-N management should be reevaluated for increased yield potential.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
On clay soils, XL723 grain yield increased with increasing PF-N rate, reaching 12,332 kg ha−1 at 202 kg N ha−1.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- XL723e1
- Treatment
- increasing PF-N ratee1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 12,332 kg ha−1e1
- Setting
- clay soilse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars”
e1“On clay soils, XL723 grain yield increased with increasing PF-N rate reaching 12,332 kg ha−1 at a PF-N rate of 202 kg N ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
On clay soils, Cocodrie grain yield did not substantially increase with PF-N above 151 kg N ha−1.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Material
- Cocodriee1
- Treatment
- PF-N >151 kg N ha−1e2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- did not substantially increasee2
- Setting
- clay soilse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars”
e1“widely grown inbred rice cv. Cocodrie on clay soils”
e2“grain yield did not substantially increase with PF-N >151 kg N ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Averaged across cultivars, a PD-N rate of 50 kg N ha−1 increased grain yield by 729 kg ha−1 when 101 kg N ha−1 was applied PF.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- PD-N rate of 50 kg N ha−1e3
- Outcome
- grain yieldse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 729 kg ha−1e3
- Qualifier
- when 101 kg N ha−1 was appliede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars”
e3“Averaged across cultivars, a PD-N rate of 50 kg N ha−1 increased grain yields by 729 kg ha−1 when 101 kg N ha−1 was applied”
Claim · model-written summary
As PF-N rate increased, the effects of PD-N on grain yield were not significant.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- PD-Ne4
- Outcome
- effects of PD-Ne4
- Qualifier
- as PF-N rate increasede4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars”
e4“however, as PF-N rate increased, the effects of PD-N were not significant”
Claim · model-written summary
On silt loam soils, grain yield was 327 kg ha−1 greater when 151 kg N ha−1 was applied PF than with 101 kg N ha−1.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 151 kg N ha−1 was applied PFe5
- Outcome
- grain yieldse5
- Direction
- greatere5
- Value
- 327 kg ha−1e5
- Comparator
- 101 kg N ha−1e5
- Setting
- silt loam soilse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars”
e5“On silt loam soils, grain yields were 327 kg ha−1greater when 151 kg N ha−1 was applied PF compared with 101 kg N ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
A PE-N rate of 50 kg N ha−1 increased grain yield by 333 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- PE-N rate of 50 kg N ha−1e6
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 333 kg ha−1e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars”
e6“Furthermore, a PE-N rate of 50 kg N ha−1 increased grain yield by 333 kg ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
On clay soils, whole milled rice was maximum when a minimum of 151 kg N ha−1 was applied PF and 50 kg N ha−1 at PE.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 151 kg N ha−1 was applied PF and 50 kg N ha−1 was applied at PEe7
- Outcome
- whole milled ricee7
- Direction
- maximume7
- Setting
- clay soilse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars”
e7“On clay soils, maximum whole milled rice was obtained when a minimum of 151 kg N ha−1 was applied PF and 50 kg N ha−1 was applied at PE”
Claim · model-written summary
On silt loam soils, the 101 kg N ha−1 PF rate gave 625 mg g−1 whole milled rice for Cheniere.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Material
- Chenieree1
- Treatment
- 101 kg N ha−1 PF ratee1
- Outcome
- whole milled ricee1
- Value
- 625 mg g−1e1
- Setting
- silt loam soilse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars”
e1“On silt loam soils, the 101 kg N ha−1 PF rate produced 625 mg g−1 whole milled rice for Cheniere”
Claim · model-written summary
For XL723 on silt loam soils, the greatest whole milled rice concentration (613 mg g−1) was produced with 202 kg N ha−1.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Material
- XL723e1
- Treatment
- 202 kg N ha−1e1
- Outcome
- whole milled ricee1
- Direction
- greateste1
- Value
- 613 mg g−1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars”
e1“the greatest concentration (613 mg g−1) of whole milled rice for XL723 was produced with 202 kg N ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield potential was 17 to 20% greater for XL723 than for the inbred cultivars.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Material
- XL723e1
- Outcome
- yield potentiale1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- 17 to 20%e1
- Comparator
- inbred cultivarse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars”
e1“Finally, yield potential was 17 to 20% greater for XL723 compared with the inbred cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
At equal N rates, whole milled rice was higher with conventional inbred cultivars than with XL723.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Material
- conventional inbred cultivarse1
- Outcome
- whole milled ricee1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- at equal N ratese1
- Comparator
- XL723e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars”
e1“however, at equal N rates, whole milled rice was higher with conventional inbred cultivars compared with XL723”
Claim · model-written summary
Hybrid rice can be used in the southern U.S. rice-growing region to increase rice yield per unit of land area.
- Taxon
- Hybrid riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- rice yield per unit of land areae1
- Setting
- southern U.S. rice-growing regione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Hybrid rice can be used in the southern U.S. rice-growing region to increase rice yield per unit of land area”
Claim · model-written summary
Preflood N rates on hybrid rice should be equal to or greater than those on inbred cultivars.
- Taxon
- hybrid riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- Preflood N ratese1
- Comparator
- inbred cultivarse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Preflood N rates on hybrid rice should be equal to or greater than inbred cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
A PE application of N for hybrid rice should be included to increase yield and whole milled rice.
- Taxon
- hybrid riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- a PE applicatione1
- Outcome
- yield, whole milled ricee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“For practical implications, N management for hybrid rice should include a PE application to increase yield, whole milled rice, and also decrease the potential for lodging”
Claim · model-written summary
A PE application of N for hybrid rice should be included to decrease the potential for lodging.
- Taxon
- hybrid riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- a PE applicatione1
- Outcome
- the potential for lodginge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“For practical implications, N management for hybrid rice should include a PE application to increase yield, whole milled rice, and also decrease the potential for lodging”
Claim · model-written summary
As straw strength increases with new rice hybrids, PF-N management should be reevaluated for increased yield potential.
Verbatim
e1“As straw-strength increases with new rice hybrids, PF-N management should be reevaluated for increased yield potential”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · organism · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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- negative
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See all 61 papers →nitrogen · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1,802 papers in the same direction as this paper · 193 in the opposite direction · 49 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 2,045 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.