Abstract
The concentrations of avenanthramides (AVAs), hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs), a sucrose-linked truxinic acid (TASE), and certain agronomic parameters were analyzed in organically and conventionally grown oats. Three cultivars of oats (i.e. Freja, Sang, and Matilda) were grown according to standards for both conventional and organic farming in Sweden, from 1998 to 2000. Two levels of nitrogen (N) and three replicates were included. Overall, there were significant differences between years, cultivars, and N rate for AVA concentration in the grains, but there were no differences in concentration as a consequence of the conventional or organic cropping system used. The AVA content was higher in the samples grown in 2000, particularly in the cultivar Matilda, and was negatively affected by higher N rates. The HCAs showed cultivar and year differences, but were not influenced by N rates or the cropping system. The HCA content was highest in Matilda, and was significantly lower in samples grown in 1999. The concentration of TASE differed only between years, and was about 100% higher in samples from 1999, compared with samples from 1998 and 2000. The AVA and HCA concentrations were negatively correlated to the yield and specific weight of the grains and positively correlated to the protein content. Conversely, the concentration of TASE was positively correlated to the yield. The specific parameters responsible for the variation in the phenolic compounds are not known, but it seems that factors affecting the yield and/or the specific weight also affect the concentrations of AVAs, HCAs, and TASE in oat grains.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Grain AVA concentration differed significantly across years and cultivars.
- Taxon
- oats
Avena sativae1 - Material
- cultivarse0
- Outcome
- AVA concentratione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were significant differences between years, cultivars, and N rate for AVA concentration in the grains”
e1“organically and conventionally grown oats”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen rates negatively affected AVA content.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- higher N ratese0
- Outcome
- AVA contente2
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was negatively affected by higher N rates”
e1“organically and conventionally grown oats”
e2“AVA content”
Claim · model-written summary
Cropping system caused no AVA concentration difference.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- organic cropping systeme0
- Outcome
- concentratione0
- Direction
- no differencese0
- Comparator
- conventionale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were no differences in concentration as a consequence of the conventional or organic cropping system used”
e1“organically and conventionally grown oats”
Claim · model-written summary
AVA content was higher in 2000 samples.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae1
- Outcome
- AVA contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- 2000e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The AVA content was higher in the samples grown in 2000”
e1“organically and conventionally grown oats”
Claim · model-written summary
AVA content was particularly high in cultivar Matilda in 2000.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae1
- Material
- Matildae0
- Outcome
- AVA contente2
- Direction
- highere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“particularly in the cultivar Matilda”
e1“organically and conventionally grown oats”
e2“AVA content”
e3“AVA content was higher”
Claim · model-written summary
HCA concentration differed across cultivars and years.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae1
- Material
- cultivare0
- Outcome
- HCAse0
- Direction
- differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The HCAs showed cultivar and year differences”
e1“organically and conventionally grown oats”
Claim · model-written summary
HCA concentration was unaffected by nitrogen rate or cropping system.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- N rates or the cropping systeme0
- Outcome
- HCAse2
- Direction
- not influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were not influenced by N rates or the cropping system”
e1“organically and conventionally grown oats”
e2“The HCAs showed cultivar and year differences”
Claim · model-written summary
HCA content was highest in Matilda.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae1
- Material
- Matildae0
- Outcome
- HCA contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The HCA content was highest in Matilda”
e1“organically and conventionally grown oats”
Claim · model-written summary
HCA content was significantly lower in 1999.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae1
- Outcome
- HCA contente2
- Direction
- lowere0
- Setting
- 1999e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was significantly lower in samples grown in 1999”
e1“organically and conventionally grown oats”
e2“HCA content”
Claim · model-written summary
TASE concentration differed only between years.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae1
- Outcome
- concentration of TASEe0
- Direction
- differede0
- Setting
- yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of TASE differed only between years”
e1“organically and conventionally grown oats”
Claim · model-written summary
TASE was about 100% higher in 1999 than 1998 and 2000.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae1
- Outcome
- concentration of TASEe2
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Comparator
- 1998 and 2000e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was about 100% higher in samples from 1999, compared with samples from 1998 and 2000”
e1“organically and conventionally grown oats”
e2“The concentration of TASE differed only between years”
Claim · model-written summary
AVA and HCA concentrations were negatively correlated with yield and grain specific weight.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae1
- Outcome
- AVA and HCA concentrationse0
- Direction
- negativelye0
- Comparator
- yield and specific weight of the grainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The AVA and HCA concentrations were negatively correlated to the yield and specific weight of the grains”
e1“organically and conventionally grown oats”
Claim · model-written summary
AVA and HCA concentrations were positively correlated with protein content.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae1
- Outcome
- AVA and HCA concentrationse2
- Direction
- positivelye0
- Comparator
- protein contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“positively correlated to the protein content”
e1“organically and conventionally grown oats”
e2“AVA and HCA concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
TASE concentration was positively correlated with yield.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae1
- Outcome
- concentration of TASEe0
- Direction
- positivelye0
- Comparator
- yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentration of TASE was positively correlated to the yield”
e1“organically and conventionally grown oats”
The same questions in other papers
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- positive
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See all 6 papers →nitrogen · molecular: metabolites · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.