Abstract
Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride antagonistic fungi compatible with the antagonistic Pseudomonas fluorscens, P. putida and Basillus subtilis were evaluated as biocontrol agents against Macrophomina phaseolina, the causative pathogen of sunflower charcoal rot. No adverse interaction could be recognized among the tested Trichoderma isolates and both P. fluorescens and B. subtilis, in In vitro studies. The highest antagonistic effect against M. Phaseolina growth was revealed by B. subtilis as shown by decrease in mycelia growth and reduction in sclerotia numbers. Similar effect was recorded for T. viride and P. fluorscens. In greenhouse and field experiments T. viride and P. fluorscens and B. subtilis, along with the biocide (Rhizo-N) and fungicide (Rizolex-T) decreased the disease incidence. In this respect, T. viride mixed with either B. subtilis or P. fluorscens revealed greater effect in disease control compared to the single application by any alone, especially treatment with mixture of T. Viride and B. subtilis. The effect of the later showed disease control approximately similar to that of Rizolex-T treatments, as shown by healthy survivals and seed yield over two years study.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
No adverse interaction was observed in vitro between the tested Trichoderma isolates and P. fluorescens or B. subtilis.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse1 - Material
- Trichoderma isolatese2
- Interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae2biocontrol_agent - Second interactor
- P. fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense2biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- adverse interactione2
- Setting
- In vitroe2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“against Macrophomina phaseolina, the causative pathogen of sunflower charcoal rot”
e2“No adverse interaction could be recognized among the tested Trichoderma isolates and both P. fluorescens and B. subtilis, in In vitro studies”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis had the highest antagonistic effect against Macrophomina phaseolina, decreasing its mycelial growth.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- B. subtilise2
- Interactor
- M. Phaseolinae2pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. subtilise2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mycelia growthe2
- Direction
- decreasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“against Macrophomina phaseolina, the causative pathogen of sunflower charcoal rot”
e2“The highest antagonistic effect against M. Phaseolina growth was revealed by B. subtilis as shown by decrease in mycelia growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis reduced sclerotia numbers of Macrophomina phaseolina.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- B. subtilise2
- Interactor
- M. Phaseolinae2pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. subtilise2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- sclerotia numberse3
- Direction
- reductione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“against Macrophomina phaseolina, the causative pathogen of sunflower charcoal rot”
e2“The highest antagonistic effect against M. Phaseolina growth was revealed by B. subtilis”
e3“reduction in sclerotia numbers”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma viride had a similar antagonistic effect against Macrophomina phaseolina to that of B. subtilis.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- T. viridee4
- Interactor
- M. Phaseolinae2pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. viride
Trichoderma viridee4biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- effecte4
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Comparator
- B. subtilise2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“against Macrophomina phaseolina, the causative pathogen of sunflower charcoal rot”
e2“The highest antagonistic effect against M. Phaseolina growth was revealed by B. subtilis as shown by decrease in mycelia growth”
e4“Similar effect was recorded for T. viride and P. fluorscens”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas fluorescens had a similar antagonistic effect against Macrophomina phaseolina to that of B. subtilis.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- P. fluorscense4
- Interactor
- M. Phaseolinae2pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. fluorscense4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- effecte4
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Comparator
- B. subtilise2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“against Macrophomina phaseolina, the causative pathogen of sunflower charcoal rot”
e2“The highest antagonistic effect against M. Phaseolina growth was revealed by B. subtilis as shown by decrease in mycelia growth”
e4“Similar effect was recorded for T. viride and P. fluorscens”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma viride decreased sunflower disease incidence in greenhouse and field experiments.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- T. viridee5
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolina
Macrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen - Second interactor
- T. virideTrichoderma viridee5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease incidencee5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Setting
- greenhouse and field experimentse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“against Macrophomina phaseolina, the causative pathogen of sunflower charcoal rot”
e5“In greenhouse and field experiments T. viride and P. fluorscens and B. subtilis, along with the biocide (Rhizo-N) and fungicide (Rizolex-T) decreased the disease incidence”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas fluorescens decreased sunflower disease incidence in greenhouse and field experiments.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- P. fluorscense5
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. fluorscense5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease incidencee5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Setting
- greenhouse and field experimentse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“against Macrophomina phaseolina, the causative pathogen of sunflower charcoal rot”
e5“In greenhouse and field experiments T. viride and P. fluorscens and B. subtilis, along with the biocide (Rhizo-N) and fungicide (Rizolex-T) decreased the disease incidence”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis decreased sunflower disease incidence in greenhouse and field experiments.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- B. subtilise5
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. subtilise5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease incidencee5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Setting
- greenhouse and field experimentse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“against Macrophomina phaseolina, the causative pathogen of sunflower charcoal rot”
e5“In greenhouse and field experiments T. viride and P. fluorscens and B. subtilis, along with the biocide (Rhizo-N) and fungicide (Rizolex-T) decreased the disease incidence”
Claim · model-written summary
The biocide Rhizo-N decreased sunflower disease incidence in greenhouse and field experiments.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- biocide (Rhizo-N)e5
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Setting
- greenhouse and field experimentse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“against Macrophomina phaseolina, the causative pathogen of sunflower charcoal rot”
e5“In greenhouse and field experiments T. viride and P. fluorscens and B. subtilis, along with the biocide (Rhizo-N) and fungicide (Rizolex-T) decreased the disease incidence”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungicide Rizolex-T decreased sunflower disease incidence in greenhouse and field experiments.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- fungicide (Rizolex-T)e5
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Setting
- greenhouse and field experimentse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“against Macrophomina phaseolina, the causative pathogen of sunflower charcoal rot”
e5“In greenhouse and field experiments T. viride and P. fluorscens and B. subtilis, along with the biocide (Rhizo-N) and fungicide (Rizolex-T) decreased the disease incidence”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma viride mixed with B. subtilis gave greater disease control than either alone in sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- T. viride mixed with either B. subtilise7
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. virideTrichoderma viridee7biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease controle7
- Direction
- greater effecte7
- Comparator
- single applicatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“against Macrophomina phaseolina, the causative pathogen of sunflower charcoal rot”
e7“T. viride mixed with either B. subtilis or P. fluorscens revealed greater effect in disease control compared to the single application by any alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma viride mixed with P. fluorescens gave greater disease control than single application in sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- T. viride mixed with either B. subtilis or P. fluorscense7
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. fluorscense7biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease controle7
- Direction
- greater effecte7
- Comparator
- single applicatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“against Macrophomina phaseolina, the causative pathogen of sunflower charcoal rot”
e7“T. viride mixed with either B. subtilis or P. fluorscens revealed greater effect in disease control compared to the single application by any alone”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture of T. viride and B. subtilis gave disease control approximately similar to Rizolex-T in sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- mixture of T. Viride and B. subtilise6
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. Viridee6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease controle2
- Direction
- approximately similare2
- Qualifier
- healthy survivals and seed yield over two yearse3
- Comparator
- Rizolex-T treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“against Macrophomina phaseolina, the causative pathogen of sunflower charcoal rot”
e6“especially treatment with mixture of T. Viride and B. subtilis”
e2“The effect of the later showed disease control approximately similar to that of Rizolex-T treatments”
e3“as shown by healthy survivals and seed yield over two years study”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma viride · Macrophomina phaseolina · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.