Abstract
To investigate the effect of irrigation regime, soil clay content and their combination on growth, yield, and water productivity of rice, a shelter experiment was conduct using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a factorial arrangement of treatments with four replications. Irrigation regime was the main treatment investigated, set in three levels as R(30 mm-100%) (100% of saturation and 30 mm flooded), R(30 mm-90%) (90% of saturation and 30 mm flooded) and R(30 mm-70%) (70% saturation and 30 mm flooded), respectively. The sub-treatment was soil type, set in three levels as 40%, 50% and 60% clay content, respectively. Results showed that irrigation regime and soil clay content had significant effects on growth, yield and water productivity of rice. However, their combination showed no significant impact on panicles number, root biomass, harvest index and irrigation water productivity. Higher soil clay content results in increase in growth, yield, and water productivity of rice. The total water consumption during R(30 mm-100%) was higher than that during R(30 mm-90%) and R(30 mm-70%) because the latter two saturation levels led to the cracking of soil and decrease of total number of irrigations. Cracks were consistently getting more serious with the reduction in soil water content and the increase in soil clay content. Cracks in soil will preferentially become the major routes of water losses, thus water percolation during R(30 mm-70%) was higher than that during R(30 mm-90%) and R(30 mm-100%) after each irrigation event. The total water use under R(30 mm-70%) exceeded the water consumption under R(30 mm-90%) due to the great amount of soil cracking as well as the excessive volume of standing water depth. Considering water consumption and grain yield, the following conclusion can be reached: (i) The reduction in water consumption was greater than the reduction in grain yield in the case of drying soil 10% below saturation before reflooding. (ii) The reduction in water consumption was less than the reduction in grain yield in the case of drying soil 30% below saturation before reflooding; (iii) The increase in water use was greater than the increase in grain yield in the case of maintaining soil moisture at 100% of saturation before reflooding. Therefore, the water use efficiency was recorded in the order of R(30 mm-90%) >R(30 mm-100%) >R(30 mm-70%). Keywords: irrigation regime, clay content, combination, growth, yield, water productivity, rice DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20181104.3895 Citation: Hamoud Y A, Guo X P, Wang Z C, Chen S, Rasool G. Effects of irrigation water regime, soil clay content and their combination on growth, yield, and water use efficiency of rice grown in South China. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2018; 11(4): 144-155.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation regime significantly affected rice growth, yield, and water productivity.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- irrigation regimee0
- Outcome
- growth, yield and water productivitye0
- Setting
- South Chinat0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice grown in South China”
e0“irrigation regime and soil clay content had significant effects on growth, yield and water productivity of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil clay content significantly affected rice growth, yield, and water productivity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- soil clay contente0
- Outcome
- growth, yield and water productivitye0
- Setting
- South Chinat0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice grown in South China”
e0“irrigation regime and soil clay content had significant effects on growth, yield and water productivity of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination had no significant effect on panicle number or root biomass.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- their combinatione0
- Outcome
- panicles number, root biomasse0
- Direction
- no significant impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice grown in South China”
e0“their combination showed no significant impact on panicles number, root biomass, harvest index and irrigation water productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination had no significant effect on harvest index or irrigation water productivity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- their combinatione0
- Outcome
- harvest index and irrigation water productivitye0
- Direction
- no significant impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice grown in South China”
e0“their combination showed no significant impact on panicles number, root biomass, harvest index and irrigation water productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher clay content increased rice growth, yield, and water productivity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Higher soil clay contente0
- Outcome
- growth, yield, and water productivitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher soil clay content results in increase in growth, yield, and water productivity of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Total water consumption was higher at R(30 mm-100%) than at R(30 mm-90%) and R(30 mm-70%).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- R(30 mm-100%)e0
- Outcome
- total water consumptione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- R(30 mm-90%) and R(30 mm-70%)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice grown in South China”
e0“The total water consumption during R(30 mm-100%) was higher than that during R(30 mm-90%) and R(30 mm-70%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower saturation levels caused soil cracking and fewer irrigations.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- latter two saturation levelse0
- Outcome
- cracking of soil and decrease of total number of irrigationse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice grown in South China”
e0“the latter two saturation levels led to the cracking of soil and decrease of total number of irrigations”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil cracks worsened as soil water content fell.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- reduction in soil water contente0
- Outcome
- Crackse0
- Direction
- getting more seriouse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice grown in South China”
e0“Cracks were consistently getting more serious with the reduction in soil water content”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil cracks worsened as clay content rose.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increase in soil clay contente0
- Outcome
- Crackse0
- Direction
- getting more seriouse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice grown in South China”
e0“Cracks were consistently getting more serious with the reduction in soil water content and the increase in soil clay content”
Claim · model-written summary
Percolation after irrigation was higher at R(30 mm-70%) than at R(30 mm-90%) and R(30 mm-100%).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- R(30 mm-70%)e0
- Outcome
- water percolatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- R(30 mm-90%) and R(30 mm-100%)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice grown in South China”
e0“water percolation during R(30 mm-70%) was higher than that during R(30 mm-90%) and R(30 mm-100%) after each irrigation event”
Claim · model-written summary
Total water use at R(30 mm-70%) exceeded consumption at R(30 mm-90%).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- R(30 mm-70%)e0
- Outcome
- total water usee0
- Direction
- exceedede0
- Comparator
- R(30 mm-90%)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice grown in South China”
e0“The total water use under R(30 mm-70%) exceeded the water consumption under R(30 mm-90%)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10% below saturation, water consumption declined more than grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- drying soil 10% below saturation before refloodinge0
- Outcome
- water consumptione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- greater than the reduction in grain yielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice grown in South China”
e0“The reduction in water consumption was greater than the reduction in grain yield in the case of drying soil 10% below saturation before reflooding”
Claim · model-written summary
At 30% below saturation, water consumption declined less than grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- drying soil 30% below saturation before refloodinge0
- Outcome
- water consumptione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- less than the reduction in grain yielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice grown in South China”
e0“The reduction in water consumption was less than the reduction in grain yield in the case of drying soil 30% below saturation before reflooding”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100% saturation, water use increased more than grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- maintaining soil moisture at 100% of saturation before refloodinge0
- Outcome
- water usee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- greater than the increase in grain yielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice grown in South China”
e0“The increase in water use was greater than the increase in grain yield in the case of maintaining soil moisture at 100% of saturation before reflooding”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency ranked R(30 mm-90%) above R(30 mm-100%) above R(30 mm-70%).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- in the order of R(30 mm-90%) >R(30 mm-100%) >R(30 mm-70%)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice grown in South China”
e0“the water use efficiency was recorded in the order of R(30 mm-90%) >R(30 mm-100%) >R(30 mm-70%)”
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