Abstract
SUMMARY Dazomet, applied to the soil in September 1972, increased the dry matter yield in 1973 of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) cv. Gremie sown that spring in Hertfordshire. The greatest increase (60 per cent) was where least nitrogen had been applied and was not apparently the result of differences in pathogen or pest incidence. Sprays of the fungicides benodanil and benomyl, and drenches of captafol, did not affect yield in 1973 or 1974, although benodanil controlled crown rust ( Puccinia coronata Corda) in August and September 1973. Sprays of the acaricide cndosulfan and the aphicide menazon had no detectable effects in 1973. In 1974, endosulfan sprays, either alone or with menazon, controlled Abacarus hystrix (Nal.), the mite vector of ryegrass mosaic virus (RMV), decreased RMV incidence from 54 to 26 per cent and increased dry matter yield by six per cent. Mildew ( Erysiphe graminis DC.) was observed in 1973 and leaf spot ( Drechslera spp.) was common in 1973 and 1974, but infection by both diseases was only slight. The incidence of barley yellow dwarf virus was slight and not apparently affected by the treatments. Root discoloration was common but not affected by dazomet or captafol. Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Smith) Sacc. was commonly isolated from very discoloured roots and one isolate, which was weakly pathogenic to ryegrass, killed wheat seedlings. After cutting, patches of grass in plots given 150 kg nitrogen/ha/cut showed poor regrowth, but this could not be associated with pathogens. Mildew and RMV were most common on plots given most nitrogen (150 kg N/ha/cut). RMV and its vectors were apparently more detrimental during the experiment than were other pathogens.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Dazomet applied to soil increased dry matter yield of perennial ryegrass cv. Gremie in 1973 in Hertfordshire.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrass
Lolium perennee1 - Material
- Gremiee1
- Treatment
- Dazomete1
- Outcome
- dry matter yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- in 1973e1
- Setting
- Hertfordshiree1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Dazomet, applied to the soil in September 1972, increased the dry matter yield in 1973 of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) cv. Gremie sown that spring in Hertfordshire”
Claim · model-written summary
Dazomet gave the greatest dry matter yield increase, 60 per cent, where the least nitrogen had been applied.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- Dazomete1
- Outcome
- dry matter yielde1
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 60 per cente2
- Qualifier
- where least nitrogen had been appliede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Dazomet, applied to the soil in September 1972, increased the dry matter yield in 1973 of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) cv. Gremie sown that spring in Hertfordshire”
e2“The greatest increase (60 per cent) was where least nitrogen had been applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Benodanil spray did not affect perennial ryegrass yield in 1973 or 1974.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- benodanile3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
- Qualifier
- in 1973 or 1974e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Dazomet, applied to the soil in September 1972, increased the dry matter yield in 1973 of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) cv. Gremie sown that spring in Hertfordshire”
e3“Sprays of the fungicides benodanil and benomyl, and drenches of captafol, did not affect yield in 1973 or 1974”
Claim · model-written summary
Benomyl spray did not affect perennial ryegrass yield in 1973 or 1974.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- benomyle3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
- Qualifier
- in 1973 or 1974e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Dazomet, applied to the soil in September 1972, increased the dry matter yield in 1973 of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) cv. Gremie sown that spring in Hertfordshire”
e3“Sprays of the fungicides benodanil and benomyl, and drenches of captafol, did not affect yield in 1973 or 1974”
Claim · model-written summary
Captafol drenches did not affect perennial ryegrass yield in 1973 or 1974.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- drenches of captafole3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
- Qualifier
- in 1973 or 1974e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Dazomet, applied to the soil in September 1972, increased the dry matter yield in 1973 of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) cv. Gremie sown that spring in Hertfordshire”
e3“Sprays of the fungicides benodanil and benomyl, and drenches of captafol, did not affect yield in 1973 or 1974”
Claim · model-written summary
Benodanil controlled crown rust (Puccinia coronata) on perennial ryegrass in August and September 1973.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- benodanile4
- Interactor
- Puccinia coronata
Puccinia coronatae4pathogen - Outcome
- crown ruste4
- Direction
- controllede4
- Qualifier
- in August and September 1973e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Dazomet, applied to the soil in September 1972, increased the dry matter yield in 1973 of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) cv. Gremie sown that spring in Hertfordshire”
e4“benodanil controlled crown rust ( Puccinia coronata Corda) in August and September 1973”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosulfan sprays had no detectable effects on perennial ryegrass in 1973.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- Sprays of the acaricide cndosulfane5
- Outcome
- detectable effectse5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
- Qualifier
- in 1973e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Dazomet, applied to the soil in September 1972, increased the dry matter yield in 1973 of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) cv. Gremie sown that spring in Hertfordshire”
e5“Sprays of the acaricide cndosulfan and the aphicide menazon had no detectable effects in 1973”
Claim · model-written summary
Menazon spray had no detectable effects on perennial ryegrass in 1973.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- the aphicide menazone5
- Outcome
- detectable effectse5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
- Qualifier
- in 1973e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Dazomet, applied to the soil in September 1972, increased the dry matter yield in 1973 of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) cv. Gremie sown that spring in Hertfordshire”
e5“Sprays of the acaricide cndosulfan and the aphicide menazon had no detectable effects in 1973”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosulfan sprays controlled the mite Abacarus hystrix on perennial ryegrass in 1974.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- endosulfan sprayse6
- Interactor
- Abacarus hystrixAbacarus hystrixe6pest
- Outcome
- Abacarus hystrixe6
- Direction
- controllede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Dazomet, applied to the soil in September 1972, increased the dry matter yield in 1973 of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) cv. Gremie sown that spring in Hertfordshire”
e6“In 1974, endosulfan sprays, either alone or with menazon, controlled Abacarus hystrix (Nal.), the mite vector of ryegrass mosaic virus (RMV), decreased RMV incidence from 54 to 26 per cent and increased dry matter yield by six per cent”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosulfan sprays decreased ryegrass mosaic virus incidence from 54 to 26 per cent.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- endosulfan sprayse6
- Interactor
- ryegrass mosaic virusRyegrass mosaic viruse6pathogen
- Outcome
- RMV incidencee6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Value
- from 54 to 26 per cente6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Dazomet, applied to the soil in September 1972, increased the dry matter yield in 1973 of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) cv. Gremie sown that spring in Hertfordshire”
e6“In 1974, endosulfan sprays, either alone or with menazon, controlled Abacarus hystrix (Nal.), the mite vector of ryegrass mosaic virus (RMV), decreased RMV incidence from 54 to 26 per cent and increased dry matter yield by six per cent”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosulfan sprays increased perennial ryegrass dry matter yield by six per cent.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- endosulfan sprayse6
- Outcome
- dry matter yielde6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- six per cente6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Dazomet, applied to the soil in September 1972, increased the dry matter yield in 1973 of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) cv. Gremie sown that spring in Hertfordshire”
e6“In 1974, endosulfan sprays, either alone or with menazon, controlled Abacarus hystrix (Nal.), the mite vector of ryegrass mosaic virus (RMV), decreased RMV incidence from 54 to 26 per cent and increased dry matter yield by six per cent”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection of perennial ryegrass by mildew (Erysiphe graminis) and leaf spot (Drechslera spp.) was only slight.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Interactor
- Erysiphe graminis
Blumeria graminise7pathogen - Second interactor
- Drechslera spp.
Drechslerae7pathogen - Outcome
- infectione7
- Qualifier
- only slighte7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Dazomet, applied to the soil in September 1972, increased the dry matter yield in 1973 of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) cv. Gremie sown that spring in Hertfordshire”
e7“Mildew ( Erysiphe graminis DC.) was observed in 1973 and leaf spot ( Drechslera spp.) was common in 1973 and 1974, but infection by both diseases was only slight”
Claim · model-written summary
Incidence of barley yellow dwarf virus in perennial ryegrass was slight and not apparently affected by the treatments.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Interactor
- barley yellow dwarf virus
Barley yellow dwarf viruse2pathogen - Outcome
- incidencee2
- Qualifier
- slight and not apparently affected by the treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Dazomet, applied to the soil in September 1972, increased the dry matter yield in 1973 of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) cv. Gremie sown that spring in Hertfordshire”
e2“The incidence of barley yellow dwarf virus was slight and not apparently affected by the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Root discoloration of perennial ryegrass was not affected by dazomet or captafol.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Outcome
- Root discoloratione2
- Qualifier
- not affected by dazomet or captafole2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Dazomet, applied to the soil in September 1972, increased the dry matter yield in 1973 of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) cv. Gremie sown that spring in Hertfordshire”
e2“Root discoloration was common but not affected by dazomet or captafol”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium culmorum was commonly isolated from very discoloured roots of perennial ryegrass.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Organ / stage
- very discoloured rootse2
- Interactor
- Fusarium culmorum
.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium culmorume2other - Outcome
- commonly isolatede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Dazomet, applied to the soil in September 1972, increased the dry matter yield in 1973 of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) cv. Gremie sown that spring in Hertfordshire”
e2“Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Smith) Sacc. was commonly isolated from very discoloured roots and one isolate, which was weakly pathogenic to ryegrass, killed wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
One Fusarium culmorum isolate, weakly pathogenic to ryegrass, killed wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Interactor
- Fusarium culmorumFusarium culmorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- wheat seedlingse0
- Direction
- killede0
- Qualifier
- weakly pathogenic to ryegrasse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Smith) Sacc. was commonly isolated from very discoloured roots and one isolate, which was weakly pathogenic to ryegrass, killed wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Perennial ryegrass patches given 150 kg nitrogen/ha/cut showed poor regrowth after cutting, not associated with pathogens.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- 150 kg nitrogen/ha/cute2
- Outcome
- regrowthe2
- Direction
- poore2
- Qualifier
- could not be associated with pathogense2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Dazomet, applied to the soil in September 1972, increased the dry matter yield in 1973 of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) cv. Gremie sown that spring in Hertfordshire”
e2“patches of grass in plots given 150 kg nitrogen/ha/cut showed poor regrowth, but this could not be associated with pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
Mildew and ryegrass mosaic virus were most common on perennial ryegrass plots given the most nitrogen (150 kg N/ha/cut).
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- 150 kg N/ha/cute3
- Interactor
- Erysiphe graminisBlumeria graminise7pathogen
- Second interactor
- ryegrass mosaic virusRyegrass mosaic viruse6pathogen
- Outcome
- Mildew and RMVe3
- Direction
- most commone3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Dazomet, applied to the soil in September 1972, increased the dry matter yield in 1973 of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) cv. Gremie sown that spring in Hertfordshire”
e6“In 1974, endosulfan sprays, either alone or with menazon, controlled Abacarus hystrix (Nal.), the mite vector of ryegrass mosaic virus (RMV), decreased RMV incidence from 54 to 26 per cent and increased dry matter yield by six per cent”
e7“Mildew ( Erysiphe graminis DC.) was observed in 1973 and leaf spot ( Drechslera spp.) was common in 1973 and 1974, but infection by both diseases was only slight”
e3“Mildew and RMV were most common on plots given most nitrogen (150 kg N/ha/cut)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass mosaic virus and its vectors were more detrimental to perennial ryegrass than other pathogens.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Interactor
- ryegrass mosaic virusRyegrass mosaic viruse6pathogen
- Outcome
- detrimentale3
- Direction
- more detrimentale3
- Comparator
- other pathogense3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Dazomet, applied to the soil in September 1972, increased the dry matter yield in 1973 of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) cv. Gremie sown that spring in Hertfordshire”
e6“In 1974, endosulfan sprays, either alone or with menazon, controlled Abacarus hystrix (Nal.), the mite vector of ryegrass mosaic virus (RMV), decreased RMV incidence from 54 to 26 per cent and increased dry matter yield by six per cent”
e3“RMV and its vectors were apparently more detrimental during the experiment than were other pathogens”
The same questions in other papers
captafol · yield · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
dazomet · yield · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
benodanil · yield · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
benomyl · yield · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
benodanil · Puccinia coronata · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
endosulfan · Abacarus hystrix · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
endosulfan · Ryegrass mosaic virus · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
endosulfan · yield · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.