Abstract
SUMMARY Dazomet, applied to the soil in September 1972, increased the dry matter yield in 1973 of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) cv. Gremie sown that spring in Hertfordshire. The greatest increase (60 per cent) was where least nitrogen had been applied and was not apparently the result of differences in pathogen or pest incidence. Sprays of the fungicides benodanil and benomyl, and drenches of captafol, did not affect yield in 1973 or 1974, although benodanil controlled crown rust ( Puccinia coronata Corda) in August and September 1973. Sprays of the acaricide endosulfan and the aphicide menazon had no detectable effects in 1973. In 1974, endosulfan sprays, either alone or with menazon, controlled Abacarus hystrix (Nal.), the mite vector of ryegrass mosaic virus (RMV), decreased RMV incidence from 54 to 26 per cent and increased dry matter yield by six per cent. Mildew ( Erysiphe graminis DC.) was observed in 1973 and leaf spot ( Drechslera spp.) was common in 1973 and 1974, but infection by both d0iseases was only slight. The incidence of barley yellow dwarf virus was slight and not apparently affected by the treatments. Root discoloration was common but not affected by dazomet or captafol. Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Smith) Sacc. was commonly isolated from very discoloured roots and one isolate, which was weakly pathogenic to ryegrass, killed wheat seedlings. After cutting, patches of grass in plots given 150 kg nitrogen/ha/cut showed poor regrowth, but this could not be associated with pathogens. Mildew and RMV were most common on plots given most nitrogen (150 kg N/ha/cut). RMV and its vectors were apparently more detrimental during the experiment than were other pathogens.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Dazomet increased perennial ryegrass dry matter yield in 1973, with the greatest increase of 60 per cent at the lowest nitrogen level.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrass
Lolium perennee0 - Material
- Gremiee0
- Treatment
- Dazomete0
- Outcome
- dry matter yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 60 per cente0
- Setting
- Hertfordshiree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dazomet, applied to the soil in September 1972, increased the dry matter yield in 1973 of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) cv. Gremie sown that spring in Hertfordshire. The greatest increase (60 per cent) was where least nitrogen had been applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Benodanil, benomyl and captafol did not affect ryegrass yield in 1973 or 1974.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Treatment
- benodanil and benomyl, and drenches of captafole0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sprays of the fungicides benodanil and benomyl, and drenches of captafol, did not affect yield in 1973 or 1974”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Benodanil controlled ryegrass crown rust in August and September 1973.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Treatment
- benodanile0
- Interactor
- Puccinia coronata Corda
Puccinia coronatae0pathogen - Outcome
- crown ruste0
- Direction
- controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“benodanil controlled crown rust ( Puccinia coronata Corda) in August and September 1973”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosulfan and menazon sprays had no detectable effects in 1973.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Treatment
- endosulfan and the aphicide menazone0
- Outcome
- effectse0
- Direction
- no detectablee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sprays of the acaricide endosulfan and the aphicide menazon had no detectable effects in 1973.”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosulfan, alone or with menazon, controlled Abacarus hystrix in 1974.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Treatment
- endosulfan sprays, either alone or with menazone0
- Interactor
- Abacarus hystrixAbacarus hystrixe0pest
- Outcome
- Abacarus hystrixe0
- Direction
- controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1974, endosulfan sprays, either alone or with menazon, controlled Abacarus hystrix (Nal.)”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosulfan, alone or with menazon, decreased ryegrass mosaic virus incidence from 54 to 26 per cent.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Treatment
- endosulfan sprays, either alone or with menazone0
- Interactor
- ryegrass mosaic virusRyegrass mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- RMV incidencee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 54 to 26 per cente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“endosulfan sprays, either alone or with menazon, controlled Abacarus hystrix (Nal.), the mite vector of ryegrass mosaic virus (RMV), decreased RMV incidence from 54 to 26 per cent”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
The endosulfan treatment increased ryegrass dry matter yield by six per cent.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Treatment
- endosulfan sprays, either alone or with menazone0
- Outcome
- dry matter yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- six per cente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“endosulfan sprays, either alone or with menazon, controlled Abacarus hystrix (Nal.), the mite vector of ryegrass mosaic virus (RMV), decreased RMV incidence from 54 to 26 per cent and increased dry matter yield by six per cent.”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Mildew and leaf spot infections were slight despite being observed in the study years.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Outcome
- infection by both d0iseasese0
- Qualifier
- only slighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mildew ( Erysiphe graminis DC.) was observed in 1973 and leaf spot ( Drechslera spp.) was common in 1973 and 1974, but infection by both d0iseases was only slight.”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley yellow dwarf virus incidence was slight and apparently unaffected by treatment.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Interactor
- barley yellow dwarf virus
Barley yellow dwarf viruse0pathogen - Outcome
- incidence of barley yellow dwarf viruse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The incidence of barley yellow dwarf virus was slight and not apparently affected by the treatments.”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass root discoloration was common and unaffected by dazomet or captafol.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Treatment
- dazomet or captafole0
- Outcome
- Root discoloratione0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root discoloration was common but not affected by dazomet or captafol.”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium culmorum was commonly isolated from discolored ryegrass roots.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Interactor
- Fusarium culmorum
.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium culmorume0pathogen - Outcome
- commonly isolated from very discoloured rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Smith) Sacc. was commonly isolated from very discoloured roots”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
One Fusarium isolate weakly pathogenic to ryegrass killed wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Interactor
- one isolatee0pathogen
- Outcome
- killed wheat seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one isolate, which was weakly pathogenic to ryegrass, killed wheat seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Grass given 150 kg nitrogen/ha/cut showed poor regrowth after cutting.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Treatment
- 150 kg nitrogen/ha/cute0
- Outcome
- regrowthe0
- Direction
- poore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After cutting, patches of grass in plots given 150 kg nitrogen/ha/cut showed poor regrowth”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Mildew and ryegrass mosaic virus were most common at the highest nitrogen rate.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Treatment
- most nitrogen (150 kg N/ha/cut)e0
- Outcome
- Mildew and RMVe0
- Direction
- most commone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mildew and RMV were most common on plots given most nitrogen (150 kg N/ha/cut).”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
RMV and its vectors appeared more damaging than other pathogens during the experiment.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Interactor
- RMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- more detrimentale0
- Comparator
- other pathogense0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RMV and its vectors were apparently more detrimental during the experiment than were other pathogens.”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
The same questions in other papers
captafol · yield · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
dazomet · yield · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
benodanil · yield · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
benomyl · yield · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
benodanil · Puccinia coronata · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
endosulfan · Abacarus hystrix · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
endosulfan · Ryegrass mosaic virus · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
endosulfan · yield · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.