Abstract
The present work was carried out during 2008 and 2009 years to investigate the possibility of utilization of natural raw mineral mixture (NRMM) and magnetite raw (magnetic iron) as a substitute for chemical fertilizers for feeding "Le Conte" pear trees planted in calcareous soil.The trial was conducted in Nubaria area El –Bohira Governorate.Trees were 7 years old, budded on communis rootstock and spaced at 4x5 m.apart. Eight treatments beside the control were used [4 NRMM treatments +4NPK treatments], all treatments, except the control were received magnetite raw as follows: 250, 500, 750, and1000gm /tree. The comparison among NRMM and NPK treatments cleared the following points: § NPK treatments significantly increased shoot diameter in both studied years and shoot length in the first year only, while the differences for shoot number and leaf area were not statistically significant NPK treatments also, significantly enhanced leaf total chlorophyll (SPAD) in 2009. § NPK treatments induced high significant leaf N% in both studied seasons and leaf K% and P% in 2008 only. § NRMM treatments significantly increased leaf Mn and Zn in both growing seasons, while NPK treatments significantly enhanced leaf Fe in the two years. § NPK treatments induced significant high fruit yield/tree in the two seasons; meanwhile the differences between NPK and NRMM treatments for fruit quality were not statistically significant. § Increasing the applied rate of magnetite raw/tree significantly increased vegetative growth, leaf total chlorophyll, leaf mineral composition, yield and fruit quality. § Fruit analysis revealed that the heavy metals (cobalt, nickel and lead) were in the permissible limits. § The cost of the NPK treatments was nearly twice the cost of NRMM treatments. Using natural raw mineral mixture and magnetite raw as a substitute for chemical fertilizers for feeding "Le Conte" pear trees were reasonable but it needs more studies.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
NPK treatments significantly increased shoot diameter in both studied years.
- Taxon
- Pear Trees
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=60)
Pyrus communist0 - Treatment
- NPK treatmentse1
- Outcome
- shoot diametere1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- in both studied yearse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Pear Trees Planted in Calcareous Soil”
e1“NPK treatments significantly increased shoot diameter in both studied years and shoot length in the first year only”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK treatments significantly increased shoot length in the first year only.
- Taxon
- Pear TreesPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- NPK treatmentse1
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- in the first year onlye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pear Trees Planted in Calcareous Soil”
e1“NPK treatments significantly increased shoot diameter in both studied years and shoot length in the first year only”
Claim · model-written summary
Differences between NPK and control for shoot number and leaf area were not statistically significant.
- Taxon
- Pear TreesPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- NPK treatmentse1
- Outcome
- shoot number and leaf areae2
- Direction
- not statistically significante2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pear Trees Planted in Calcareous Soil”
e1“NPK treatments significantly increased shoot diameter in both studied years and shoot length in the first year only”
e2“the differences for shoot number and leaf area were not statistically significant”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK treatments significantly enhanced leaf total chlorophyll (SPAD) in 2009.
- Taxon
- Pear TreesPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- NPK treatmentse3
- Outcome
- leaf total chlorophyll (SPAD)e3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Qualifier
- in 2009e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pear Trees Planted in Calcareous Soil”
e3“NPK treatments also, significantly enhanced leaf total chlorophyll (SPAD) in 2009”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK treatments induced high leaf N% in both studied seasons.
- Taxon
- Pear TreesPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- NPK treatmentse4
- Outcome
- leaf N%e4
- Direction
- highe4
- Qualifier
- in both studied seasonse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pear Trees Planted in Calcareous Soil”
e4“NPK treatments induced high significant leaf N% in both studied seasons and leaf K% and P% in 2008 only”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK treatments induced high leaf K% and P% in 2008 only.
- Taxon
- Pear TreesPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- NPK treatmentse4
- Outcome
- leaf K% and P%e4
- Direction
- highe4
- Qualifier
- in 2008 onlye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pear Trees Planted in Calcareous Soil”
e4“NPK treatments induced high significant leaf N% in both studied seasons and leaf K% and P% in 2008 only”
Claim · model-written summary
NRMM treatments significantly increased leaf Mn and Zn in both growing seasons.
- Taxon
- Pear TreesPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- NRMM treatmentse5
- Outcome
- leaf Mn and Zne5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- in both growing seasonse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pear Trees Planted in Calcareous Soil”
e5“NRMM treatments significantly increased leaf Mn and Zn in both growing seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK treatments significantly enhanced leaf Fe in the two years.
- Taxon
- Pear TreesPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- NPK treatmentse6
- Outcome
- leaf Fee6
- Direction
- enhancede6
- Qualifier
- in the two yearse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pear Trees Planted in Calcareous Soil”
e6“NPK treatments significantly enhanced leaf Fe in the two years”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK treatments induced high fruit yield per tree in both seasons.
- Taxon
- Pear TreesPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- NPK treatmentse7
- Outcome
- fruit yield/treee7
- Direction
- highe7
- Qualifier
- in the two seasonse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pear Trees Planted in Calcareous Soil”
e7“NPK treatments induced significant high fruit yield/tree in the two seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit quality did not differ significantly between NPK and NRMM treatments.
- Taxon
- Pear TreesPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- NPKe1
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye1
- Direction
- not statistically significante1
- Comparator
- NRMM treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pear Trees Planted in Calcareous Soil”
e1“the differences between NPK and NRMM treatments for fruit quality were not statistically significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the magnetite raw rate significantly increased vegetative growth, leaf total chlorophyll and leaf mineral composition.
- Taxon
- Pear TreesPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- applied rate of magnetite raw/treee1
- Outcome
- vegetative growth, leaf total chlorophyll, leaf mineral compositione1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pear Trees Planted in Calcareous Soil”
e1“Increasing the applied rate of magnetite raw/tree significantly increased vegetative growth, leaf total chlorophyll, leaf mineral composition”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the magnetite raw rate significantly increased yield and fruit quality.
- Taxon
- Pear TreesPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- applied rate of magnetite raw/treee1
- Outcome
- yield and fruit qualitye2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pear Trees Planted in Calcareous Soil”
e1“Increasing the applied rate of magnetite raw/tree significantly increased vegetative growth, leaf total chlorophyll, leaf mineral composition”
e2“significantly increased vegetative growth, leaf total chlorophyll, leaf mineral composition, yield and fruit quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy metals (cobalt, nickel and lead) in fruit were within permissible limits.
- Taxon
- Pear TreesPyrus communist0
- Organ / stage
- Fruite1
- Outcome
- heavy metals (cobalt, nickel and lead)e1
- Qualifier
- in the permissible limitse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pear Trees Planted in Calcareous Soil”
e1“Fruit analysis revealed that the heavy metals (cobalt, nickel and lead) were in the permissible limits”
Claim · model-written summary
The NPK treatments cost nearly twice as much as the NRMM treatments.
- Taxon
- Pear TreesPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- NPK treatmentse1
- Outcome
- coste1
- Direction
- nearly twicee1
- Comparator
- NRMM treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pear Trees Planted in Calcareous Soil”
e1“The cost of the NPK treatments was nearly twice the cost of NRMM treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Using natural raw mineral mixture and magnetite as a substitute for chemical fertilizers in pear trees was reasonable, but more studies are needed.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise1
- Outcome
- Using natural raw mineral mixture and magnetite raw as a substitute for chemical fertilizerse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pear Trees Planted in Calcareous Soil”
e1“Using natural raw mineral mixture and magnetite raw as a substitute for chemical fertilizers for feeding "Le Conte" pear trees were reasonable but it needs more studies”
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