Abstract
TWO field experiments were conducted at Ras-Sudr Research …… Station, South Sinai Governorate during two successive seasons, 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, to study the effect of three levels of silicon as KAlSi3O8 incorporated into the soil at (100, 200 and 300 kg/ fed) compared to control (without silicon) on two wheat cultivars Sakha 94 (salt-tolerant) and Gimeza 10,( salt-sensitive). Both cultivars were irrigated from two wells different in salinity levels (4236 and 4748 ppm, moderate level) and (7001 and 7360 ppm high level) in the first and second seasons, respectively. Obtained results showed that increasing irrigation water salinity from (4236 up to 7001 ppm) in the first season and from (4748 to 7360 ppm) in the second season, decreased the grain yield and its components in Sakha 94 and Gimeza 10. Gimeza 10 was superior to Sakha 94 in all yield criteria in the two growing seasons except protein yield was superior in Sakha 94. The highest level of silicon (300 kg KAlSi3O8 /fed) had the superiority effect in decreasing the soil salinity hazard and consequently increased significantly all yield criteria of the two cultivars. The effect of second order interaction indicated that incorporated soil by silicon (300 kg/fed) planted with Gimeza 10 which irrigated by (4236 and 4748 ppm) produced the highest grain yield and yield components in both seasons. However, the highest protein yield has resulted in Gimeza 10 treated with silicon (300 kg/fed). Grain yield was significantly improved in Gimeza 10, than Sakha 94, with the application of silicon (300 kg/fed). Potassium content was significantly increased in grain wheat cultivars due to soil application of silicon under saline soil conditions. Sodium content was higher in grain wheat, cv. Sakha, 94, under saline soil condition; however Si application significantly reduced Na content in grain, while it significantly increased in K: Na ratio. High K and low Na contents in grain wheat cultivars may be one of the possible mechanisms of increasing salinity tolerance by silicon application. In general, the current research suggested that Si application not only increased the quantity but also enhanced the quality of wheat cultivars grown under salt stress conditions. Therefore, silicon at the rate of 300kg/fed and Gimeza 10, which irrigated with a moderate level of salinity (4236 ppm) encourage the farmers to use of silicon to give promising grain yield.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Higher irrigation salinity decreased grain yield and components in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- Sakha 94 and Gimeza 10e0
- Treatment
- increasing irrigation water salinitye0
- Outcome
- grain yield and its componentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 4236e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing irrigation water salinity from (4236 up to 7001 ppm) in the first season and from (4748 to 7360 ppm) in the second season, decreased the grain yield and its components in Sakha 94 and Gimeza 10.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Gimeza 10 exceeded Sakha 94 on yield criteria other than protein yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Gimeza 10e0
- Outcome
- all yield criteriae0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- Sakha 94e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gimeza 10 was superior to Sakha 94 in all yield criteria in the two growing seasons except protein yield was superior in Sakha 94.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sakha 94 exceeded Gimeza 10 on protein yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Sakha 94e0
- Outcome
- protein yielde0
- Direction
- superiore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“protein yield was superior in Sakha 94.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest silicon rate decreased soil salinity hazard.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 300 kg KAlSi3O8 /fede0
- Outcome
- soil salinity hazarde0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest level of silicon (300 kg KAlSi3O8 /fed) had the superiority effect in decreasing the soil salinity hazard”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest silicon rate significantly increased yield criteria in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 300 kg KAlSi3O8 /fede0
- Outcome
- all yield criteriae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest level of silicon (300 kg KAlSi3O8 /fed) had the superiority effect in decreasing the soil salinity hazard and consequently increased significantly all yield criteria of the two cultivars.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Gimeza 10 with silicon at 300 kg/fed and moderate salinity had the highest grain yield and components.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Gimeza 10e0
- Treatment
- silicon (300 kg/fed)e0
- Outcome
- grain yield and yield componentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- (4236 and 4748 ppm)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silicon (300 kg/fed) planted with Gimeza 10 which irrigated by (4236 and 4748 ppm) produced the highest grain yield and yield components in both seasons.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Gimeza 10 treated with silicon at 300 kg/fed had the highest protein yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Gimeza 10e0
- Treatment
- silicon (300 kg/fed)e0
- Outcome
- protein yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest protein yield has resulted in Gimeza 10 treated with silicon (300 kg/fed).”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon at 300 kg/fed significantly improved Gimeza 10 grain yield relative to Sakha 94.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Gimeza 10e0
- Treatment
- silicon (300 kg/fed)e0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- Sakha 94e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was significantly improved in Gimeza 10, than Sakha 94, with the application of silicon (300 kg/fed).”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon significantly increased grain potassium content under saline conditions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Treatment
- soil application of silicone0
- Outcome
- Potassium contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium content was significantly increased in grain wheat cultivars due to soil application of silicon under saline soil conditions.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sakha 94 grain had higher sodium content under saline soil conditions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Sakha, 94e0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Outcome
- Sodium contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium content was higher in grain wheat, cv. Sakha, 94, under saline soil condition”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon significantly reduced grain sodium content.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Si applicatione0
- Outcome
- Na content in graine0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si application significantly reduced Na content in grain”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon significantly increased grain potassium to sodium ratio.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Si applicatione0
- Outcome
- K: Na ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si application significantly reduced Na content in grain, while it significantly increased in K: Na ratio.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High potassium and low sodium in grain may help explain silicon-induced salinity tolerance.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- silicon applicatione0
- Outcome
- salinity tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- High K and low Na contents in grain wheat cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High K and low Na contents in grain wheat cultivars may be one of the possible mechanisms of increasing salinity tolerance by silicon application.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended 300kg/fed silicon and Gimeza 10 with moderately saline irrigation for promising yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Gimeza 10e0
- Treatment
- silicon at the rate of 300kg/fede0
- Outcome
- promising grain yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silicon at the rate of 300kg/fed and Gimeza 10, which irrigated with a moderate level of salinity (4236 ppm) encourage the farmers to use of silicon to give promising grain yield.”
t0“Wheat”
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