Abstract
This paper examines the aftereffect of fertilizers applied for a long time to sugar beet cultivated in a nine-field grain–black-fallow–row crop rotation system in the forest–steppe unstable moistening zone of the Central Black Earth Region on the fertility of leached chernozem soils under grain crops and their yield and quality. The experiment launched in 1936 includes the following fertilizer systems (per rotation): N90P90K90 + manure (25 t/ha), N180P180K180 + manure (25 t/ha), N270P270K270 + manure (25 t/ha), N300P300K300 + manure (50 t/ha), N380P380K380, and a variant without fertilizers (control). Mineral fertilizers are applied to sugar beet twice per rotation; manure is applied to the black fallow field once per rotation. The most significant changes in agrochemical characteristics of the leached chernozem soil (0–40-cm layer) caused by the effects of mineral fertilizers and manure were noted under winter wheat (the P2O5 content increased by 21.3–77.2%, the total mineral nitrogen content (N-NO3 + N-NH4) by 8.1–133.2%, and pHKCl by 0.07–0.37), while the least significant changes were under oats (the P2O5 content increased by 16.3–44.4%). Soil saturation with fertilizers increases the oat productivity to the greatest extent (by 12.2–65.5% in comparison with the control); the effect on barley and winter wheat in the black fallow link is somewhat less (13.0–59.1% and 7.37–57.6%, respectively); and the effect on winter wheat in the clover link is the least significant (29.9–47.8%). The aftereffect of fertilizers increases the protein content by 0.5–1.0% in oat grains and by 0.6–1.8% in barley grains in comparison with the control. A significant positive correlation between the amount of applied fertilizer elements and the yield capacity of barley, oats, and winter wheat was registered in both crop rotation links (r = 0.67–0.95). The following fertilization systems ensure the highest productivity of the grain–black-fallow–row crop rotation system in combination with a satisfactory quality of wheat, barley, and oat grains: (1) N135P135K135 applied to sugar beet twice per rotation + manure applied to the black fallow field (25 t/ha) and (2) N190P190K190 applied to sugar beet twice per rotation (without manure). The additional yield reaches 14.4–16.8 kg of grain per 1 kg of NPK.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer aftereffects increased soil P2O5 under winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- P2O5 contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21.3–77.2%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under winter wheat (the P2O5 content increased by 21.3–77.2%”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer aftereffects increased soil mineral nitrogen under winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- total mineral nitrogen contente0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 8.1–133.2%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the total mineral nitrogen content (N-NO3 + N-NH4) by 8.1–133.2%”
e1“under winter wheat (the P2O5 content increased by 21.3–77.2%”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer aftereffects increased soil pHKCl under winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- pHKCle0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 0.07–0.37e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and pHKCl by 0.07–0.37”
e1“under winter wheat (the P2O5 content increased by 21.3–77.2%”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer aftereffects increased soil P2O5 under oats.
- Taxon
- oats
Avena sativae0 - Outcome
- P2O5 contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16.3–44.4%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under oats (the P2O5 content increased by 16.3–44.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer saturation increased oat productivity versus control.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- Soil saturation with fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- oat productivitye0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 12.2–65.5%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil saturation with fertilizers increases the oat productivity to the greatest extent (by 12.2–65.5% in comparison with the control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer saturation increased barley productivity.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Outcome
- effect on barleye0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 13.0–59.1%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“effect on barley and winter wheat in the black fallow link is somewhat less (13.0–59.1% and 7.37–57.6%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer saturation increased winter wheat productivity in the black fallow link.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- winter wheat in the black fallow linke0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 7.37–57.6%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat in the black fallow link is somewhat less (13.0–59.1% and 7.37–57.6%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer saturation increased winter wheat productivity in the clover link.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- winter wheat in the clover linke0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 29.9–47.8%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat in the clover link is the least significant (29.9–47.8%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer aftereffects increased protein in oat grains.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Treatment
- aftereffect of fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 0.5–1.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aftereffect of fertilizers increases the protein content by 0.5–1.0% in oat grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer aftereffects increased protein in barley grains.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- aftereffect of fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 0.6–1.8%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aftereffect of fertilizers increases the protein content by 0.5–1.0% in oat grains and by 0.6–1.8% in barley grains in comparison with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied fertilizer elements correlated positively with barley yield.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- applied fertilizer elementse0
- Outcome
- yield capacitye0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Value
- r = 0.67–0.95e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant positive correlation between the amount of applied fertilizer elements and the yield capacity of barley, oats, and winter wheat was registered in both crop rotation links (r = 0.67–0.95)”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied fertilizer elements correlated positively with oat yield.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- applied fertilizer elementse0
- Outcome
- yield capacitye0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Value
- r = 0.67–0.95e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant positive correlation between the amount of applied fertilizer elements and the yield capacity of barley, oats, and winter wheat was registered in both crop rotation links (r = 0.67–0.95)”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied fertilizer elements correlated positively with wheat yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- applied fertilizer elementse0
- Outcome
- yield capacitye0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Value
- r = 0.67–0.95e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant positive correlation between the amount of applied fertilizer elements and the yield capacity of barley, oats, and winter wheat was registered in both crop rotation links (r = 0.67–0.95)”
Claim · model-written summary
N135P135K135 with manure gave highest rotation productivity and satisfactory grain quality.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0 - Outcome
- N135P135K135 applied to sugar beet twice per rotation + manure applied to the black fallow field (25 t/ha)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N135P135K135 applied to sugar beet twice per rotation + manure applied to the black fallow field (25 t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
N190P190K190 without manure gave highest rotation productivity and satisfactory grain quality.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Outcome
- N190P190K190 applied to sugar beet twice per rotation (without manure)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N190P190K190 applied to sugar beet twice per rotation (without manure)”
Claim · model-written summary
The additional grain yield reached 14.4–16.8 kg per kg NPK.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The additional yield reaches 14.4–16.8 kg of grain per 1 kg of NPK”
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See all 160 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.