Abstract
Dynamic regulation of phytohormone levels is pivotal for plant adaptation to harmful conditions. It is increasingly evidenced that endophytic bacteria can regulate plant hormone levels to help their hosts counteract adverse effects imposed by abiotic and biotic stresses, but the mechanisms underlying the endophyte-induced stress resistance of plants remain largely elusive. In this study, a glucuronic acid-producing endophyte Pseudomonas sp. MCS15 alleviated cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice plants. Inoculation with MCS15 significantly inhibited the expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes including OsACO3 , OsACO4 , OsACO5 , OsACS2, and OsACS5 and thus reduced the content of ethylene in rice roots. In addition, the expression of iron uptake-related genes including OsIRT1 , OsIRT2 , OsNAS1 , OsNAS2 and OsYSL15 was significantly downregulated in the MCS15-inoculated roots under Cd stress. Similarly, glucuronic acid treatment also remarkably inhibited root uptake of Cd and reduced the production of ethylene. However, treatment with 1-aminocyclopropyl carboxylic acid (ACC), a precursor of ethylene, almost abolished the MCS15 or glucuronic acid-induced inhibition of Cd accumulation in rice plants. Conversely, treatment with aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis, markedly reduced the Cd accumulation in plants. Taken together, our results revealed that the endophytic bacteria MCS15-secreted glucuronic acid inhibited the biosynthesis of ethylene and thus weakened iron uptake-related systems in rice roots, which contributed to preventing the Cd accumulation.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
MCS15 alleviated cadmium toxicity in rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Pseudomonas sp. MCS15e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp. MCS15e0symbiont
- Outcome
- cadmium (Cd) toxicitye0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a glucuronic acid-producing endophyte Pseudomonas sp. MCS15 alleviated cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
MCS15 inoculation inhibited expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes in rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with MCS15e0
- Interactor
- MCS15e0symbiont
- Gene
- OsACO3 , OsACO4 , OsACO5 , OsACS2, and OsACS5e0
- Outcome
- expression of ethylene biosynthetic genese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with MCS15 significantly inhibited the expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes including OsACO3 , OsACO4 , OsACO5 , OsACS2, and OsACS5 and thus reduced the content of ethylene in rice roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
MCS15 inoculation reduced ethylene content in rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with MCS15e0
- Interactor
- MCS15e0symbiont
- Outcome
- content of ethylenee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with MCS15 significantly inhibited the expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes including OsACO3 , OsACO4 , OsACO5 , OsACS2, and OsACS5 and thus reduced the content of ethylene in rice roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
MCS15 inoculation downregulated iron uptake genes in roots under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- MCS15-inoculatede0
- Interactor
- MCS15e0symbiont
- Gene
- OsIRT1 , OsIRT2 , OsNAS1 , OsNAS2 and OsYSL15e0
- Outcome
- expression of iron uptake-related genese0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
- Qualifier
- under Cd stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of iron uptake-related genes including OsIRT1 , OsIRT2 , OsNAS1 , OsNAS2 and OsYSL15 was significantly downregulated in the MCS15-inoculated roots under Cd stress.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucuronic acid treatment inhibited root cadmium uptake.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- glucuronic acid treatmente0
- Outcome
- root uptake of Cde0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glucuronic acid treatment also remarkably inhibited root uptake of Cd and reduced the production of ethylene.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucuronic acid treatment reduced ethylene production.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- glucuronic acid treatmente0
- Outcome
- production of ethylenee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glucuronic acid treatment also remarkably inhibited root uptake of Cd and reduced the production of ethylene.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC treatment nearly abolished the MCS15-induced inhibition of cadmium accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 1-aminocyclopropyl carboxylic acid (ACC)e0
- Interactor
- MCS15e0symbiont
- Outcome
- inhibition of Cd accumulatione0
- Direction
- almost abolishede0
- Comparator
- MCS15e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment with 1-aminocyclopropyl carboxylic acid (ACC), a precursor of ethylene, almost abolished the MCS15 or glucuronic acid-induced inhibition of Cd accumulation in rice plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC treatment nearly abolished glucuronic acid-induced inhibition of cadmium accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 1-aminocyclopropyl carboxylic acid (ACC)e0
- Outcome
- inhibition of Cd accumulatione0
- Direction
- almost abolishede0
- Comparator
- glucuronic acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment with 1-aminocyclopropyl carboxylic acid (ACC), a precursor of ethylene, almost abolished the MCS15 or glucuronic acid-induced inhibition of Cd accumulation in rice plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG treatment reduced cadmium accumulation in rice plants.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG)e0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment with aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis, markedly reduced the Cd accumulation in plants.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that MCS15-secreted glucuronic acid suppresses ethylene biosynthesis and iron uptake systems, preventing cadmium accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Interactor
- MCS15e0symbiont
- Compound
- glucuronic acide0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the endophytic bacteria MCS15-secreted glucuronic acid inhibited the biosynthesis of ethylene and thus weakened iron uptake-related systems in rice roots, which contributed to preventing the Cd accumulation.”
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