Abstract
Abstract Outliers with highly superior performance are valuable in plant breeding, but their distribution in populations has not been well‐studied. My objectives were to determine (a) if outliers behave in a predictable manner; (b) if they are distributed according to a normal distribution as is assumed for quantitative traits; and (c) which parental characteristics are indicative of the best chances of getting progeny with extreme performance. All possible biparental populations were made among 15 simulated barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) parental lines in BreedingGames software. Ten million lines were simulated within each cross for a total of 1.05 billion lines. Within each biparental population, recombinant inbreds in the top 1.0, 0.1, and 0.01% tails had a continuous distribution, indicating that outliers behave in a predictable manner but are rare in practice only because the population sizes used in breeding are small. Having a finite number of loci led to slight kurtosis, which caused a minor upward bias when the usefulness criterion was applied to the extreme upper tails. The midparent value was an excellent indicator of which biparental crosses had high upper‐tail means, to the extent that modeling the genetic variance within each biparental population had little added benefit. In the simulations, selection for protein concentration and Fusarium ( F. graminearum ) head blight resistance decreased the gains for yield and changed the biparental population that led to the highest yield gains. Results indicated that having one very large breeding population in a select‐only scheme is inferior to two or more select‐and‐recombine cycles with smaller populations.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Recombinant inbreds in the top 1.0, 0.1 and 0.01% tails of each simulated biparental barley population had a continuous distribution.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Outcome
- continuous distributione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“All possible biparental populations were made among 15 simulated barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) parental lines in BreedingGames software”
e2“Within each biparental population, recombinant inbreds in the top 1.0, 0.1, and 0.01% tails had a continuous distribution”
Claim · model-written summary
Outliers in simulated barley populations are rare in practice only because the population sizes used in breeding are small.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- rare in practicee3
- Qualifier
- the population sizes used in breeding are smalle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“All possible biparental populations were made among 15 simulated barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) parental lines in BreedingGames software”
e3“indicating that outliers behave in a predictable manner but are rare in practice only because the population sizes used in breeding are small”
Claim · model-written summary
A finite number of loci in the simulated barley crosses caused slight kurtosis and a minor upward bias for the extreme upper tails of the usefulness criterion.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- minor upward biase4
- Qualifier
- Having a finite number of loci led to slight kurtosise4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“All possible biparental populations were made among 15 simulated barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) parental lines in BreedingGames software”
e4“Having a finite number of loci led to slight kurtosis, which caused a minor upward bias when the usefulness criterion was applied to the extreme upper tails”
Claim · model-written summary
The midparent value was an excellent indicator of which biparental barley crosses had high upper‐tail means, so modeling genetic variance added little.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- high upper‐tail meanse5
- Comparator
- modeling the genetic variance within each biparental populatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“All possible biparental populations were made among 15 simulated barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) parental lines in BreedingGames software”
e5“The midparent value was an excellent indicator of which biparental crosses had high upper‐tail means, to the extent that modeling the genetic variance within each biparental population had little added benefit”
Claim · model-written summary
In simulations, selection for protein concentration and Fusarium head blight resistance decreased the gains for yield in barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- selection for protein concentration and Fusarium ( F. graminearum ) head blight resistancee6
- Interactor
- F. graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume6pathogen - Outcome
- gains for yielde6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“All possible biparental populations were made among 15 simulated barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) parental lines in BreedingGames software”
e6“selection for protein concentration and Fusarium ( F. graminearum ) head blight resistance decreased the gains for yield and changed the biparental population that led to the highest yield gains”
Claim · model-written summary
In simulations, selection for protein concentration and Fusarium head blight resistance changed the biparental population that gave the highest yield gains.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- selection for protein concentration and Fusarium ( F. graminearum ) head blight resistancee6
- Outcome
- the biparental population that led to the highest yield gainse6
- Direction
- changede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“All possible biparental populations were made among 15 simulated barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) parental lines in BreedingGames software”
e6“selection for protein concentration and Fusarium ( F. graminearum ) head blight resistance decreased the gains for yield and changed the biparental population that led to the highest yield gains”
Claim · model-written summary
One very large breeding population in a select‐only scheme is inferior to two or more select‐and‐recombine cycles with smaller populations.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- having one very large breeding population in a select‐only schemee7
- Outcome
- is inferiore7
- Direction
- inferiore7
- Comparator
- two or more select‐and‐recombine cycles with smaller populationse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“All possible biparental populations were made among 15 simulated barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) parental lines in BreedingGames software”
e7“Results indicated that having one very large breeding population in a select‐only scheme is inferior to two or more select‐and‐recombine cycles with smaller populations”
The same questions in other papers
Fusarium graminearum · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Fusarium · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.