Abstract
A field experiment was conducted with maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM-117 under elevated temperature and moisture deficit stress to assess the phenology, physiology, biomass and yield responses. The elevated canopy temperature (ET) was maintained as 3°C above ambient canopy temperature (AT) in Free Air Temperature Elevation (FATE) facility and water deficit stress (WD) was imposed at initiation of tasseling stage in an open plot experiment to assess the impact of these two abiotic stresses. As compared with ambient control, the phenology of flowering with the ET was early as 3 days for anthesis, 1 day for silking and this increased 4 days for anthesis silking interval (ASI), while with WD, anthesis was delayed by 2 days, silking by 3 days and ASI increased by 3 days. It was observed that both ET and WD significantly decreased photosynthetic rate (32%, 24%), stomatal conductance (45%, 28%), transpiration rate (36%, 44%) while increased WUE (6%, 38%). It is interesting to record that there was reduction in total biomass (11%, 13%) especially reproductive biomass (44%, 31%) with both ET and WD while vegetative biomass was improved (27%, 8%) revealing that reproductive components are effected with these abiotic stresses thereby decreased HI (42%, 36%). The impact of ET was more on seed set than seed filling as the reduction in test weight (8%) was higher than at WD (4%).
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Under elevated canopy temperature, maize flowering phenology was earlier by 3 days for anthesis and 1 day for silking, and the anthesis silking interval increased by 4 days compared with ambient control.
- Material
- DHM-117e0
- Treatment
- ETe1
- Outcome
- phenology of floweringe3
- Direction
- earlye3
- Value
- 3 dayse3
- Qualifier
- 1 day for silking and this increased 4 days for anthesis silking interval (ASI)e3
- Comparator
- ambient controle2
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM-117”
e1“It was observed that both ET and WD”
e2“As compared with ambient control”
e3“the phenology of flowering with the ET was early as 3 days for anthesis, 1 day for silking and this increased 4 days for anthesis silking interval (ASI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under water deficit stress, maize anthesis was delayed by 2 days, silking by 3 days and the anthesis silking interval increased by 3 days compared with ambient control.
- Material
- DHM-117e0
- Treatment
- WDe1
- Outcome
- anthesise3
- Direction
- delayede3
- Value
- 2 dayse3
- Qualifier
- silking by 3 days and ASI increased by 3 dayse3
- Comparator
- ambient controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM-117”
e1“It was observed that both ET and WD”
e2“As compared with ambient control”
e3“with WD, anthesis was delayed by 2 days, silking by 3 days and ASI increased by 3 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature significantly decreased maize photosynthetic rate by 32%.
- Material
- DHM-117e0
- Treatment
- ETe1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 32%e3
- Comparator
- ambient controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM-117”
e1“It was observed that both ET and WD”
e2“As compared with ambient control”
e3“significantly decreased photosynthetic rate (32%, 24%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit stress significantly decreased maize photosynthetic rate by 24%.
- Material
- DHM-117e0
- Treatment
- WDe1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 24%e3
- Comparator
- ambient controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM-117”
e1“It was observed that both ET and WD”
e2“As compared with ambient control”
e3“significantly decreased photosynthetic rate (32%, 24%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature significantly decreased maize stomatal conductance by 45%.
- Material
- DHM-117e0
- Treatment
- ETe1
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee3
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede3
- Value
- 45%e3
- Comparator
- ambient controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM-117”
e1“It was observed that both ET and WD”
e2“As compared with ambient control”
e3“stomatal conductance (45%, 28%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit stress significantly decreased maize stomatal conductance by 28%.
- Material
- DHM-117e0
- Treatment
- WDe1
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee3
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede3
- Value
- 28%e3
- Comparator
- ambient controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM-117”
e1“It was observed that both ET and WD”
e2“As compared with ambient control”
e3“stomatal conductance (45%, 28%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature significantly decreased maize transpiration rate by 36%.
- Material
- DHM-117e0
- Treatment
- ETe1
- Outcome
- transpiration ratee3
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede3
- Value
- 36%e3
- Comparator
- ambient controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM-117”
e1“It was observed that both ET and WD”
e2“As compared with ambient control”
e3“transpiration rate (36%, 44%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit stress significantly decreased maize transpiration rate by 44%.
- Material
- DHM-117e0
- Treatment
- WDe1
- Outcome
- transpiration ratee3
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede3
- Value
- 44%e3
- Comparator
- ambient controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM-117”
e1“It was observed that both ET and WD”
e2“As compared with ambient control”
e3“transpiration rate (36%, 44%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature increased maize water use efficiency (WUE) by 6%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM-117”
e1“It was observed that both ET and WD”
e2“As compared with ambient control”
e3“increased WUE (6%, 38%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit stress increased maize water use efficiency (WUE) by 38%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM-117”
e1“It was observed that both ET and WD”
e2“As compared with ambient control”
e3“increased WUE (6%, 38%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature reduced total biomass of maize by 11%.
- Material
- DHM-117e0
- Treatment
- ETe1
- Outcome
- total biomasse3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Value
- 11%e3
- Comparator
- ambient controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM-117”
e1“It was observed that both ET and WD”
e2“As compared with ambient control”
e3“reduction in total biomass (11%, 13%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit stress reduced total biomass of maize by 13%.
- Material
- DHM-117e0
- Treatment
- WDe1
- Outcome
- total biomasse3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Value
- 13%e3
- Comparator
- ambient controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM-117”
e1“It was observed that both ET and WD”
e2“As compared with ambient control”
e3“reduction in total biomass (11%, 13%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature reduced reproductive biomass of maize by 44%.
- Material
- DHM-117e0
- Treatment
- ETe1
- Outcome
- reproductive biomasse3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Value
- 44%e3
- Comparator
- ambient controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM-117”
e1“It was observed that both ET and WD”
e2“As compared with ambient control”
e3“reduction in total biomass (11%, 13%) especially reproductive biomass (44%, 31%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit stress reduced reproductive biomass of maize by 31%.
- Material
- DHM-117e0
- Treatment
- WDe1
- Outcome
- reproductive biomasse3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Value
- 31%e3
- Comparator
- ambient controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM-117”
e1“It was observed that both ET and WD”
e2“As compared with ambient control”
e3“reduction in total biomass (11%, 13%) especially reproductive biomass (44%, 31%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature improved vegetative biomass of maize by 27%.
- Material
- DHM-117e0
- Treatment
- ETe1
- Outcome
- vegetative biomasse3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 27%e3
- Comparator
- ambient controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM-117”
e1“It was observed that both ET and WD”
e2“As compared with ambient control”
e3“vegetative biomass was improved (27%, 8%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit stress improved vegetative biomass of maize by 8%.
- Material
- DHM-117e0
- Treatment
- WDe1
- Outcome
- vegetative biomasse3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 8%e3
- Comparator
- ambient controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM-117”
e1“It was observed that both ET and WD”
e2“As compared with ambient control”
e3“vegetative biomass was improved (27%, 8%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature decreased maize harvest index (HI) by 42%, and water deficit stress by 36%.
- Material
- DHM-117e0
- Treatment
- ETe1
- Outcome
- HIe3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 42%e3
- Qualifier
- thereby decreased HI (42%, 36%)e3
- Comparator
- ambient controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM-117”
e1“It was observed that both ET and WD”
e2“As compared with ambient control”
e3“thereby decreased HI (42%, 36%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature reduced maize test weight by 8%, more than water deficit stress (4%).
- Material
- DHM-117e0
- Treatment
- ETe1
- Outcome
- test weighte3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Value
- 8%e3
- Qualifier
- higher than at WD (4%)e3
- Comparator
- ambient controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM-117”
e1“It was observed that both ET and WD”
e2“As compared with ambient control”
e3“the reduction in test weight (8%) was higher than at WD (4%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the impact of elevated temperature was greater on seed set than on seed filling in maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM-117”
e1“The impact of ET was more on seed set than seed filling”
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