Abstract
The purpose of this factorial field experiment was to investigate the influence of farming systems and intercropping patterns (IPs) on the physiological aspects of safflower and bitter vetch. Treatments included high and low-input farming systems and various IPs that exchanged safflower and bitter vetch with row ratios of 2:2, 2:3, 2:4, 2:5, while sole cropping safflower and bitter vetch were used as control. The highest grain yield of both plants was obtained from the high input farming system (HIFS). The most safflower oil yield and protein yield of bitter vetch were achieved from sole cropping in the HIFS. Safflower sole cropping in the Low-input farming system (LIFS) had the highest oil content, but in other traits, HIFS had superior to LIFS. Intercropping resulted in high P and N content and low stearic acid in safflower compared with sole cropping. These novel findings demonstrate that HIFS was beneficial than LIFS in all traits of both plants except safflower oil content and some fatty acids content like palmitic acid. Also, in the 2:2 IP monetary advantage index (MAI) and the land equivalent ratio (LER=1.13) were highest that indicating that 13% additional area needed by the sole cropping system to provide an equivalent yield in HIFS.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Both crops had their highest grain yield in the high input system.
- Taxon
- Safflower
Carthamus tinctoriust0 - Treatment
- high input farming systeme0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest grain yield of both plants was obtained from the high input farming system (HIFS)”
t0“Safflower oil while intercropped with bitter vetch”
Claim · model-written summary
Safflower oil yield was highest under sole cropping in HIFS.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- sole cropping in the HIFSe0
- Outcome
- safflower oil yielde0
- Direction
- moste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most safflower oil yield and protein yield of bitter vetch were achieved from sole cropping in the HIFS”
t0“Safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Bitter vetch protein yield was highest under sole cropping in HIFS.
- Taxon
- bitter vetche0
- Treatment
- sole cropping in the HIFSe0
- Outcome
- protein yield of bitter vetche0
- Direction
- moste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The most safflower oil yield and protein yield of bitter vetch were achieved from sole cropping in the HIFS”
Claim · model-written summary
Safflower oil content was highest under sole cropping in LIFS.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- sole cropping in the Low-input farming systeme0
- Outcome
- oil contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Safflower sole cropping in the Low-input farming system (LIFS) had the highest oil content”
Claim · model-written summary
HIFS surpassed LIFS in other traits.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- HIFSe0
- Outcome
- other traitse0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- LIFSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in other traits, HIFS had superior to LIFS”
t0“Safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping increased safflower phosphorus and nitrogen content relative to sole cropping.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- Intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- P and N contente0
- Direction
- highe0
- Comparator
- sole croppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping resulted in high P and N content and low stearic acid in safflower compared with sole cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping lowered safflower stearic acid relative to sole cropping.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- Intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- stearic acide0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Comparator
- sole croppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping resulted in high P and N content and low stearic acid in safflower compared with sole cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
In HIFS, the 2:2 intercropping pattern had the highest monetary advantage index.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- 2:2 IPe0
- Outcome
- monetary advantage indexe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the 2:2 IP monetary advantage index (MAI) and the land equivalent ratio (LER=1.13) were highest”
t0“Safflower oil while intercropped with bitter vetch”
Claim · model-written summary
In HIFS, the 2:2 intercropping pattern had the highest land equivalent ratio of 1.13.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- 2:2 IPe0
- Outcome
- land equivalent ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.13e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the 2:2 IP monetary advantage index (MAI) and the land equivalent ratio (LER=1.13) were highest”
t0“Safflower oil while intercropped with bitter vetch”
Claim · model-written summary
The 2:2 pattern implied 13% more land for sole cropping to match its HIFS yield.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Outcome
- additional area needed by the sole cropping systeme0
- Value
- 13%e0
- Qualifier
- equivalent yield in HIFSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“13% additional area needed by the sole cropping system to provide an equivalent yield in HIFS”
t0“Safflower oil while intercropped with bitter vetch”
The same questions in other papers
cultivation system · quality: oil · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
cultivation system · yield · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.