Abstract
One of the main goals of the 21st century’s developing society is to produce the necessary amount of food while protecting the environment. Globally, particularly in Lithuania and other northern regions with similar climatic and soil conditions, there is a lack of data on the long-term effects of crop rotation under the current conditions of intensive farming and climate change. It has long been recognized that monocultures cause soil degradation compared to crop rotation. Research hypothesis: the long-term implementation of crop rotation makes a positive influence on the soil environment. The aim of our investigation was to compare the effects of a 50-year-long application of different crop rotations and monocultures on soil CO2 emissions, earthworms, and productivity of winter rye. Long-term stationary field experiments were established in 1966 at Vytautas Magnus University Experimental Station (54°53′ N, 23°50′ E). The study was conducted using intensive field rotation with row crops, green manure crop rotations, three-course rotation, and rye monoculture. Pre-crop had the largest impact on soil CO2 emissions, and more intensive soil CO2 emissions occurred at the beginning of winter rye growing season. Rye appeared not to be demanding in terms of pre-crops. However, its productivity decreased when grown in monoculture, and the optimal mineral fertilization remained lower than with crop rotation, but productivity remained stable.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-crop had the largest impact on soil CO2 emissions.
- Taxon
- winter rye
Secale cerealet0 - Treatment
- Pre-crope0
- Outcome
- soil CO2 emissionse0
- Direction
- largest impacte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-crop had the largest impact on soil CO2 emissions”
t0“winter rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil CO2 emissions were more intensive at the beginning of the winter rye growing season.
- Taxon
- winter ryeSecale cerealee0
- Outcome
- soil CO2 emissionse0
- Direction
- more intensivee0
- Qualifier
- beginning of winter rye growing seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more intensive soil CO2 emissions occurred at the beginning of winter rye growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter rye was not demanding in its pre-crops.
- Taxon
- RyeSecale cerealee0
- Outcome
- not to be demanding in terms of pre-cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rye appeared not to be demanding in terms of pre-crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter rye productivity decreased in monoculture.
- Taxon
- winter ryeSecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- monoculturee0
- Outcome
- productivitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its productivity decreased when grown in monoculture”
t0“winter rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal mineral fertilization remained lower for monoculture than crop rotation.
- Taxon
- winter ryeSecale cerealet0
- Outcome
- optimal mineral fertilizatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- crop rotatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the optimal mineral fertilization remained lower than with crop rotation”
t0“winter rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Productivity remained stable under the stated fertilization conditions.
- Taxon
- winter ryeSecale cerealet0
- Outcome
- productivitye0
- Direction
- remained stablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“productivity remained stable”
t0“winter rye”
The same questions in other papers
rotation · yield · Secale cereale (rye)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.