Abstract
Abstract Botrytis cinerea is an economically important disease on numerous vegetables including tomato. From our previous studies, a spore suspension of Streptomyces philanthi RL‐1‐178 and RM‐1‐138 and Streptomyces mycarofaciens SS‐2‐243 showed strong inhibition against B. cinerea . In this study, the efficacy of their antifungal metabolites against B. cinerea was investigated after enhancing the production through the optimum culture medium and environmental conditions (temperature, light/dark cycle). In vitro studies indicated that glucose yeast‐malt (GYM) agar and incubation at 28°C were optimal for growth and mass spore production of all three Streptomyces strains. Moreover, light/dark conditions had a positive effect on the growth and spore production of S. philanthi RM‐1‐138 and RL‐1‐178 but not on S. mycarofaciens SS‐2‐243. Both strains of S. philanthi possessed an antifungal activity against B. cinerea (100% inhibition) while S. mycarofaciens showed different results on PDA (83% inhibition) and GYM (88% inhibition) at the optimum incubation temperature at 21°C. The antifungal compounds from S. philanthi RM‐1‐138 exhibited the highest protection efficacy against B. cinerea on tomato leaves (82.89% and 0.33 cm 2 lesion areas symptoms). The antifungal compounds RM‐1‐138, identified by GC‐MS, were greatly altered based on components concentration under various temperatures and light/dark conditions. The anti‐ B. cinerea of S. philanthi RM‐1‐138 was established at a higher level in several metabolic compounds in the dark condition (11 and 32 antifungal compounds after incubation at 21°C and 28°C, respectively) than in the light condition (11 and 19 antifungal compounds after incubation at 21°C and 28°C, respectively). At 21°C, the dominant component was acetic acid (67.41% and 68.77% in light and dark conditions, respectively) while at 28°C, benzeneacetamide (43.58% in light) and propanamide (20.68% in the dark) were dominant. The results clearly demonstrated the significant influence of environmental factors on the production of antifungal metabolites of Streptomyces spp.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
GYM agar and 28°C optimized growth and spores of all three Streptomyces strains.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- glucose yeast‐malt (GYM) agar and incubation at 28°Ce0
- Interactor
- Streptomyces strainse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- growth and mass spore production of all three Streptomyces strainse0
- Direction
- optimale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glucose yeast‐malt (GYM) agar and incubation at 28°C were optimal for growth and mass spore production of all three Streptomyces strains.”
e1“vegetables including tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Light/dark cycling improved growth and spore production in S. philanthi RM-1-138.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- light/dark conditionse0
- Interactor
- S. philanthi RM‐1‐138Candidatus Streptomyces philanthie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- growth and spore production of S. philanthi RM‐1‐138e0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“light/dark conditions had a positive effect on the growth and spore production of S. philanthi RM‐1‐138 and RL‐1‐178 but not on S. mycarofaciens SS‐2‐243.”
e1“vegetables including tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Light/dark cycling improved growth and spore production in S. philanthi RL-1-178.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- light/dark conditionse0
- Interactor
- Streptomyces philanthi RL‐1‐178Candidatus Streptomyces philanthie1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- growth and spore productione0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“light/dark conditions had a positive effect on the growth and spore production of S. philanthi RM‐1‐138 and RL‐1‐178 but not on S. mycarofaciens SS‐2‐243.”
e1“Streptomyces philanthi RL‐1‐178”
e2“vegetables including tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Light/dark cycling did not improve S. mycarofaciens SS-2-243 growth and spores.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- light/dark conditionse0
- Interactor
- S. mycarofaciens SS‐2‐243Streptomyces mycarofaciense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- growth and spore productione0
- Direction
- note0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“light/dark conditions had a positive effect on the growth and spore production of S. philanthi RM‐1‐138 and RL‐1‐178 but not on S. mycarofaciens SS‐2‐243.”
e1“vegetables including tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
S. philanthi strains completely inhibited B. cinerea at 21°C.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- B. cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Second interactor
- S. philanthiCandidatus Streptomyces philanthie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antifungal activity against B. cinereae0
- Value
- 100% inhibitione0
- Setting
- 21°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both strains of S. philanthi possessed an antifungal activity against B. cinerea (100% inhibition) while S. mycarofaciens showed different results on PDA (83% inhibition) and GYM (88% inhibition) at the optimum incubation temperature at 21°C.”
e1“vegetables including tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
S. mycarofaciens inhibited B. cinerea by 83% on PDA.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- S. mycarofaciensStreptomyces mycarofaciense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antifungal activity against B. cinereae1
- Value
- 83% inhibitione0
- Setting
- PDAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. mycarofaciens showed different results on PDA (83% inhibition) and GYM (88% inhibition) at the optimum incubation temperature at 21°C.”
e1“antifungal activity against B. cinerea”
e2“vegetables including tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
S. mycarofaciens inhibited B. cinerea by 88% on GYM.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- S. mycarofaciensStreptomyces mycarofaciense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antifungal activity against B. cinereae1
- Value
- 88% inhibitione0
- Setting
- GYMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. mycarofaciens showed different results on PDA (83% inhibition) and GYM (88% inhibition) at the optimum incubation temperature at 21°C.”
e1“antifungal activity against B. cinerea”
e2“vegetables including tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
S. philanthi RM-1-138 metabolites protected tomato leaves by 82.89%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- antifungal compounds from S. philanthi RM‐1‐138e0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- S. philanthi RM‐1‐138Candidatus Streptomyces philanthie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- protection efficacy against B. cinereae0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 82.89%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The antifungal compounds from S. philanthi RM‐1‐138 exhibited the highest protection efficacy against B. cinerea on tomato leaves (82.89% and 0.33 cm 2 lesion areas symptoms).”
Claim · model-written summary
RM-1-138 metabolites left 0.33 cm2 lesion area on tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- antifungal compounds from S. philanthi RM‐1‐138e0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- S. philanthi RM‐1‐138Candidatus Streptomyces philanthie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- lesion areas symptomse0
- Value
- 0.33 cm 2e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The antifungal compounds from S. philanthi RM‐1‐138 exhibited the highest protection efficacy against B. cinerea on tomato leaves (82.89% and 0.33 cm 2 lesion areas symptoms).”
Claim · model-written summary
RM-1-138 antifungal compound composition varied with temperature and light.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- various temperatures and light/dark conditionse0
- Interactor
- Streptomyces philanthiCandidatus Streptomyces philanthie2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antifungal compounds RM‐1‐138e0
- Direction
- greatly alterede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The antifungal compounds RM‐1‐138, identified by GC‐MS, were greatly altered based on components concentration under various temperatures and light/dark conditions.”
e1“vegetables including tomato”
e2“Streptomyces philanthi RL‐1‐178 and RM‐1‐138”
Claim · model-written summary
Darkness yielded 32 compounds at 28°C versus 19 in light.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- S. philanthi RM‐1‐138Candidatus Streptomyces philanthie2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antifungal compoundse0
- Direction
- than in the light conditione0
- Value
- 32 antifungal compoundse0
- Qualifier
- 28°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dark condition (11 and 32 antifungal compounds after incubation at 21°C and 28°C, respectively) than in the light condition (11 and 19 antifungal compounds after incubation at 21°C and 28°C, respectively)”
e1“vegetables including tomato”
e2“anti‐ B. cinerea of S. philanthi RM‐1‐138”
Claim · model-written summary
At 21°C, light and dark each yielded 11 antifungal compounds.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- S. philanthi RM‐1‐138Candidatus Streptomyces philanthie2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antifungal compoundse0
- Value
- 11e0
- Qualifier
- 21°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dark condition (11 and 32 antifungal compounds after incubation at 21°C and 28°C, respectively) than in the light condition (11 and 19 antifungal compounds after incubation at 21°C and 28°C, respectively)”
e1“vegetables including tomato”
e2“anti‐ B. cinerea of S. philanthi RM‐1‐138”
Claim · model-written summary
At 21°C, acetic acid dominated in light at 67.41%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- S. philanthi RM‐1‐138Candidatus Streptomyces philanthie2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- dominant component was acetic acide0
- Value
- 67.41%e0
- Qualifier
- lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 21°C, the dominant component was acetic acid (67.41% and 68.77% in light and dark conditions, respectively)”
e1“vegetables including tomato”
e2“anti‐ B. cinerea of S. philanthi RM‐1‐138”
Claim · model-written summary
At 21°C, acetic acid dominated in dark at 68.77%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- S. philanthi RM‐1‐138Candidatus Streptomyces philanthie2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- dominant component was acetic acide0
- Value
- 68.77%e0
- Qualifier
- dark conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 21°C, the dominant component was acetic acid (67.41% and 68.77% in light and dark conditions, respectively)”
e1“vegetables including tomato”
e2“anti‐ B. cinerea of S. philanthi RM‐1‐138”
Claim · model-written summary
At 28°C in light, benzeneacetamide dominated at 43.58%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- S. philanthi RM‐1‐138Candidatus Streptomyces philanthie2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- benzeneacetamidee0
- Value
- 43.58%e0
- Qualifier
- lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 28°C, benzeneacetamide (43.58% in light) and propanamide (20.68% in the dark) were dominant.”
e1“vegetables including tomato”
e2“anti‐ B. cinerea of S. philanthi RM‐1‐138”
Claim · model-written summary
At 28°C in dark, propanamide dominated at 20.68%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- S. philanthi RM‐1‐138Candidatus Streptomyces philanthie2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- propanamidee0
- Value
- 20.68%e0
- Qualifier
- darke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 28°C, benzeneacetamide (43.58% in light) and propanamide (20.68% in the dark) were dominant.”
e1“vegetables including tomato”
e2“anti‐ B. cinerea of S. philanthi RM‐1‐138”
The same questions in other papers
fungicide · Botrytis cinerea · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.