Abstract
Evidence indicates that Allium and Brassica species which release bioactive compounds are widely used in bio-fumigation to suppress soil-borne diseases. However, the active molecules of such plant residues are easily volatilized. In this study, we conducted mixed cropping of the apple tree with Allium fistulosum or Brassica juncea; the results demonstrated that such mixed cropping significantly improved the growth of the grafted apple seedlings and alleviated apple replant disease (ARD) for two years. The terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism profile results showed that the soil fungal community demonstrated distinct variation and diversity in terms of composition. A. fistulosum and B. juncea significantly improved the Margalef, Pielou, and Shannon indices. In addition, the analyses of clone libraries showed that A. fistulosum and B. juncea promoted the proliferation of antagonistic fungi such as Mortierella, Trichoderma, and Penicillium, and inhibited the proliferation of pathogens such as Fusarium. Fusarium. Proliferatum(F. proliferatum) was abundant in replanted soil and proved to be an aggressive pathogen of apple seedlings. Our findings thus indicate that apple tree mixed cropping with A. fistulosum and B. juncea was an effective long-term method for modifying the resident fungal community and alleviating ARD.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed cropping with Allium fistulosum improved grafted apple seedling growth.
- Taxon
- apple tree
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- Allium fistulosume0
- Outcome
- growth of the grafted apple seedlingse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mixed cropping of the apple tree with Allium fistulosum or Brassica juncea; the results demonstrated that such mixed cropping significantly improved the growth of the grafted apple seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed cropping with Brassica juncea improved grafted apple seedling growth.
- Taxon
- apple treeMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Brassica junceae0
- Outcome
- growth of the grafted apple seedlingse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mixed cropping of the apple tree with Allium fistulosum or Brassica juncea; the results demonstrated that such mixed cropping significantly improved the growth of the grafted apple seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed cropping alleviated apple replant disease for two years.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- mixed croppinge0
- Outcome
- apple replant disease (ARD)e0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Qualifier
- for two yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“such mixed cropping significantly improved the growth of the grafted apple seedlings and alleviated apple replant disease (ARD) for two years”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil fungal community composition and diversity varied.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- soil fungal community demonstrated distinct variation and diversity in terms of compositione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the soil fungal community demonstrated distinct variation and diversity in terms of composition”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Allium fistulosum improved Margalef, Pielou and Shannon indices.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- A. fistulosume0
- Outcome
- Margalef, Pielou, and Shannon indicese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. fistulosum and B. juncea significantly improved the Margalef, Pielou, and Shannon indices”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassica juncea improved Margalef, Pielou and Shannon indices.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- B. junceae0
- Outcome
- Margalef, Pielou, and Shannon indicese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. fistulosum and B. juncea significantly improved the Margalef, Pielou, and Shannon indices”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed cropping promoted antagonistic fungi.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- A. fistulosum and B. junceae0
- Outcome
- proliferation of antagonistic fungi such as Mortierella, Trichoderma, and Penicilliume0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. fistulosum and B. juncea promoted the proliferation of antagonistic fungi such as Mortierella, Trichoderma, and Penicillium”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed cropping inhibited Fusarium proliferation.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- A. fistulosum and B. junceae0
- Outcome
- proliferation of pathogens such as Fusariume0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. fistulosum and B. juncea promoted the proliferation of antagonistic fungi such as Mortierella, Trichoderma, and Penicillium, and inhibited the proliferation of pathogens such as Fusarium”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium proliferatum was abundant in replanted soil.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- Fusarium. Proliferatum(F. proliferatum) was abundant in replanted soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium. Proliferatum(F. proliferatum) was abundant in replanted soil”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium proliferatum was an aggressive pathogen of apple seedlings.
- Taxon
- apple seedlingsMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- aggressive pathogen of apple seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proved to be an aggressive pathogen of apple seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
Brassica juncea · organism · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Allium fistulosum · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.