Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is the most important protein crop globally, with its cultivation area in Europe on the increase. To investigate how alternative tillage systems affect soybean growth, yield performance, and nitrogen fixation capacity in the early conversion period from conventional tillage to conservation and no-tillage practices, a field study was conducted in 2020 under the humid central European climatic conditions of Slovenia. A complete randomized block design with four repetitions was used for the three different tillage systems (conventional, conservation, and no-tillage). The results show that the majority of the studied soybean growth parameters (e.g., plant density, nodes per plant, and shoot and root dry matter) and the yield components (e.g., pods per plant, and 100-seed mass) were greatest for the reference conventional tillage system. The conventional system also showed significantly greater dry nodule mass (p < 0.01) and proportion of large-sized nodules (>4 mm) on both the tap root (p < 0.05) and the lateral roots (p < 0.001). A positive linear correlation between nitrogen content and nodule production in the roots also suggested increased nitrogen fixation for the conventional system. The less intensive conservation and no-tillage systems resulted in significantly greater soil compaction, which negatively affected early plant establishment and resulted in significantly decreased plant densities. Despite the large differences in plant stands and individual plant performances, no significant differences were seen for dry seed yields between these tillage systems. Dry seed yields for the conventional and conservation systems were 4.54 and 4.48 t ha−1, respectively, with only minor (non-significant) yield reduction for the no-tillage system, at 4.0 t ha−1. These data show that soybean cultivation in the early transition period to less intensive tillage systems have no major yield losses under these less suitable agro-climatic conditions if correct crop and weed management measures are implemented.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage produced the greatest soybean plant density, nodes per plant, and shoot and root dry matter.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- conventional tillage systeme0
- Outcome
- plant density, nodes per plant, and shoot and root dry mattere0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results show that the majority of the studied soybean growth parameters (e.g., plant density, nodes per plant, and shoot and root dry matter) and the yield components (e.g., pods per plant, and 100-seed mass) were greatest for the reference conventional tillage system.”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage produced the greatest soybean pods per plant and 100-seed mass.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- conventional tillage systeme0
- Outcome
- pods per plant, and 100-seed masse0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results show that the majority of the studied soybean growth parameters (e.g., plant density, nodes per plant, and shoot and root dry matter) and the yield components (e.g., pods per plant, and 100-seed mass) were greatest for the reference conventional tillage system.”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage had significantly greater dry nodule mass.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The conventional system also showed significantly greater dry nodule mass (p < 0.01) and proportion of large-sized nodules (>4 mm) on both the tap root (p < 0.05) and the lateral roots (p < 0.001).”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage had a significantly greater proportion of large nodules on tap roots and lateral roots.
- Organ / stage
- tap roote0
- Treatment
- conventional systeme0
- Outcome
- proportion of large-sized nodulese0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The conventional system also showed significantly greater dry nodule mass (p < 0.01) and proportion of large-sized nodules (>4 mm) on both the tap root (p < 0.05) and the lateral roots (p < 0.001).”
Claim · model-written summary
Root nitrogen content was positively correlated with nodule production.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“A positive linear correlation between nitrogen content and nodule production in the roots also suggested increased nitrogen fixation for the conventional system.”
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation and no-tillage systems had greater soil compaction and decreased soybean plant densities.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The less intensive conservation and no-tillage systems resulted in significantly greater soil compaction, which negatively affected early plant establishment and resulted in significantly decreased plant densities.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry seed yields did not significantly differ among tillage systems.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Despite the large differences in plant stands and individual plant performances, no significant differences were seen for dry seed yields between these tillage systems.”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage yielded 4.54 t ha−1 dry seed.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Dry seed yields for the conventional and conservation systems were 4.54 and 4.48 t ha−1, respectively, with only minor (non-significant) yield reduction for the no-tillage system, at 4.0 t ha−1.”
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation tillage yielded 4.48 t ha−1 dry seed.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Dry seed yields for the conventional and conservation systems were 4.54 and 4.48 t ha−1, respectively, with only minor (non-significant) yield reduction for the no-tillage system, at 4.0 t ha−1.”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage yielded 4.0 t ha−1 dry seed, a nonsignificant reduction.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Dry seed yields for the conventional and conservation systems were 4.54 and 4.48 t ha−1, respectively, with only minor (non-significant) yield reduction for the no-tillage system, at 4.0 t ha−1.”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
51 papers in the same direction as this paper · 28 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
80 papers more in this group
See all 84 papers →cultivation system · symbiosis · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →tillage · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
263 papers in the same direction as this paper · 100 in the opposite direction · 26 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- positive
386 papers more in this group
See all 390 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.