Abstract
With the ongoing climate change scenario and alarmingly increased land degradation, understanding complex interactions of drought stress and organic fertilizers on morpho-physiological traits and dynamics of nutrient concentration is pivotal for sustainable production leafy vegetables such as mustard (Brassica juncea). Thus, this study evaluated the effect of drought stress and organic fertilizers on B. juncea growth, physiology, and dynamics of nutrient concentration at the vegetative stage. The plants were exposed to three water stress levels (well-watered (100% field capacity, FC), mild (50% FC), and severe (25% FC) supplemented with three organic fertilizers (chitosan, ultra green, and home-grown natural vegetable foods) either individually or in combination during the vegetative growth stage. Water stress had a negative effect on growth and physiological traits, and macro- and micronutrients of mustard. However, the ameliorative effects of fertilizer application were revealed by improved plant height, leaf area, relative water content, membrane stability index, and chlorophyll content from 9.7% to 26.9%, 28% to 32.72%, 7.97% to 39.51%, 7.93% to 39.66%, and 29.68% to 56.53%, respectively. Analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of soil moisture level, fertilizer type and their interaction on content of macronutrients (Ca, K, P, N, C, S, Na, Mg) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn) in mustard leaves. However, there was no significant effect detected for Cu across all factors as well the interaction effect on Mn. Overall, our results indicated that application of organic fertilizers enables mustard plant to withstand the deleterious effect of drought stress, resulting in improved growth and physiological traits as well as leaf nutrient content.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress had a negative effect on growth and physiological traits of mustard.
- Taxon
- Brassica juncea
Brassica junceat0 - Treatment
- Water stresse1
- Outcome
- growth and physiological traitse1
- Direction
- negative effecte1
- Qualifier
- macro- and micronutrients of mustarde1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea at Vegetative Stage”
e1“Water stress had a negative effect on growth and physiological traits, and macro- and micronutrients of mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer application improved plant height of mustard by 9.7% to 26.9%.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- fertilizer applicatione2
- Outcome
- plant heighte2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 9.7% to 26.9%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea at Vegetative Stage”
e2“the ameliorative effects of fertilizer application were revealed by improved plant height, leaf area, relative water content, membrane stability index, and chlorophyll content from 9.7% to 26.9%, 28% to 32.72%, 7.97% to 39.51%, 7.93% to 39.66%, and 29.68% to 56.53%”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer application improved leaf area of mustard by 28% to 32.72%.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- fertilizer applicatione2
- Outcome
- leaf areae2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 28% to 32.72%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea at Vegetative Stage”
e2“the ameliorative effects of fertilizer application were revealed by improved plant height, leaf area, relative water content, membrane stability index, and chlorophyll content from 9.7% to 26.9%, 28% to 32.72%, 7.97% to 39.51%, 7.93% to 39.66%, and 29.68% to 56.53%”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer application improved relative water content of mustard by 7.97% to 39.51%.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- fertilizer applicatione2
- Outcome
- relative water contente2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 7.97% to 39.51%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea at Vegetative Stage”
e2“the ameliorative effects of fertilizer application were revealed by improved plant height, leaf area, relative water content, membrane stability index, and chlorophyll content from 9.7% to 26.9%, 28% to 32.72%, 7.97% to 39.51%, 7.93% to 39.66%, and 29.68% to 56.53%”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer application improved membrane stability index of mustard by 7.93% to 39.66%.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- fertilizer applicatione2
- Outcome
- membrane stability indexe2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 7.93% to 39.66%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea at Vegetative Stage”
e2“the ameliorative effects of fertilizer application were revealed by improved plant height, leaf area, relative water content, membrane stability index, and chlorophyll content from 9.7% to 26.9%, 28% to 32.72%, 7.97% to 39.51%, 7.93% to 39.66%, and 29.68% to 56.53%”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer application improved chlorophyll content of mustard by 29.68% to 56.53%.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- fertilizer applicatione2
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 29.68% to 56.53%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea at Vegetative Stage”
e2“the ameliorative effects of fertilizer application were revealed by improved plant height, leaf area, relative water content, membrane stability index, and chlorophyll content from 9.7% to 26.9%, 28% to 32.72%, 7.97% to 39.51%, 7.93% to 39.66%, and 29.68% to 56.53%”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil moisture level, fertilizer type and their interaction had a significant effect on macronutrient content in mustard leaves.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- soil moisture level, fertilizer type and their interactione3
- Outcome
- content of macronutrientse3
- Qualifier
- micronutrients (Fe, Zn) in mustard leavese3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea at Vegetative Stage”
e3“Analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of soil moisture level, fertilizer type and their interaction on content of macronutrients (Ca, K, P, N, C, S, Na, Mg) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn) in mustard leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
No significant effect of the treatments was detected for leaf Cu or for the interaction effect on Mn.
- Taxon
- Brassica junceaBrassica junceat0
- Outcome
- Cue4
- Qualifier
- across all factors as well the interaction effect on Mne4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica juncea at Vegetative Stage”
e4“there was no significant effect detected for Cu across all factors as well the interaction effect on Mn”
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