Abstract
Abstract Sw‐5b is an effective resistance gene used widely in tomato to control tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), which causes severe losses in crops worldwide. Sw‐5b confers resistance by recognizing a 21‐amino‐acid peptide region of the viral movement protein NSm (NSm21, amino acids 115–135). However, C118Y or T120N mutation within this peptide region of NSm has given rise to field resistance‐breaking (RB) TSWV isolates. To investigate the potential ability of TSWV to break Sw‐5b ‐mediated resistance, we mutagenized each amino acid on NSm21 and determined which amino acid mutations would evade Sw‐5b recognition. Among all alanine‐scan mutants, NSm P119A , NSm W121A , NSm D122A , NSm R124A , and NSm Q126A failed to induce a hypersensitive response (HR) when coexpressed with Sw‐5b in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. TSWV with the NSm P119A , NSm W121A , or NSm Q126A mutation was defective in viral cell‐to‐cell movement and systemic infection, while TSWV carrying the NSm D122A or NSm R124A mutation was not only able to infect wild‐type N . benthamiana plants systemically but also able to break Sw‐5b ‐mediated resistance and establish systemic infection on Sw‐5b ‐transgenic N . benthamiana plants. Two improved mutants, Sw‐5b L33P/K319E/R927A and Sw‐5b L33P/K319E/R927Q , which we recently engineered and which provide effective resistance against field RB isolates carrying NSm C118Y or NSm T120N mutations, recognized all NSm21 alanine‐substitution mutants and conferred effective resistance against new experimental RB TSWV with the NSm D122A or NSm R124A mutation. Collectively, we determined the key residues of NSm for Sw‐5b recognition, investigated their potential RB ability, and demonstrated that the improved Sw‐5b mutants could provide effective resistance to both field and potential RB TSWV isolates.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
NSm P119A failed to induce a hypersensitive response with Sw-5b.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- NSm P119Ae1
- Interactor
- tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)
Orthotospovirus tomatomaculaee2pathogen - Outcome
- hypersensitive response (HR)e1
- Qualifier
- failed to inducee1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves”
e1“NSm P119A , NSm W121A , NSm D122A , NSm R124A , and NSm Q126A failed to induce a hypersensitive response (HR)”
e2“control tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)”
Claim · model-written summary
NSm W121A failed to induce a hypersensitive response with Sw-5b.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- NSm W121Ae1
- Interactor
- tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)Orthotospovirus tomatomaculaee2pathogen
- Outcome
- hypersensitive response (HR)e1
- Qualifier
- failed to inducee1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves”
e1“NSm P119A , NSm W121A , NSm D122A , NSm R124A , and NSm Q126A failed to induce a hypersensitive response (HR)”
e2“control tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)”
Claim · model-written summary
NSm D122A failed to induce a hypersensitive response with Sw-5b.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- NSm D122Ae1
- Interactor
- tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)Orthotospovirus tomatomaculaee2pathogen
- Outcome
- hypersensitive response (HR)e1
- Qualifier
- failed to inducee1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves”
e1“NSm P119A , NSm W121A , NSm D122A , NSm R124A , and NSm Q126A failed to induce a hypersensitive response (HR)”
e2“control tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)”
Claim · model-written summary
NSm R124A failed to induce a hypersensitive response with Sw-5b.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- NSm R124Ae1
- Interactor
- tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)Orthotospovirus tomatomaculaee2pathogen
- Outcome
- hypersensitive response (HR)e1
- Qualifier
- failed to inducee1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves”
e1“NSm P119A , NSm W121A , NSm D122A , NSm R124A , and NSm Q126A failed to induce a hypersensitive response (HR)”
e2“control tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)”
Claim · model-written summary
NSm Q126A failed to induce a hypersensitive response with Sw-5b.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- NSm Q126Ae1
- Interactor
- tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)Orthotospovirus tomatomaculaee2pathogen
- Outcome
- hypersensitive response (HR)e1
- Qualifier
- failed to inducee1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves”
e1“NSm P119A , NSm W121A , NSm D122A , NSm R124A , and NSm Q126A failed to induce a hypersensitive response (HR)”
e2“control tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)”
Claim · model-written summary
TSWV with NSm P119A, W121A or Q126A was defective in systemic infection.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- NSm P119A , NSm W121A , or NSm Q126A mutatione3
- Interactor
- tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)Orthotospovirus tomatomaculaee2pathogen
- Outcome
- systemic infectione4
- Qualifier
- was defectivee3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves”
e3“TSWV with the NSm P119A , NSm W121A , or NSm Q126A mutation was defective”
e4“and systemic infection”
e2“control tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)”
Claim · model-written summary
TSWV carrying NSm D122A or R124A was able to infect wild-type N. benthamiana systemically.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- NSm D122A or NSm R124A mutatione5
- Outcome
- able to infecte5
- Qualifier
- not onlye5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves”
e5“TSWV carrying the NSm D122A or NSm R124A mutation was not only able to infect”
Claim · model-written summary
TSWV carrying NSm D122A or R124A was able to break Sw-5b-mediated resistance.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- NSm D122A or NSm R124A mutatione5
- Outcome
- able to breake6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves”
e5“TSWV carrying the NSm D122A or NSm R124A mutation was not only able to infect”
e6“but also able to break”
Claim · model-written summary
Two improved Sw-5b mutants recognized all NSm21 alanine-substitution mutants.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- Two improved mutantse4
- Outcome
- recognizede7
- Qualifier
- all NSm21e7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves”
e4“Two improved mutants”
e7“recognized all NSm21”
Claim · model-written summary
Two improved Sw-5b mutants conferred effective resistance against new experimental RB TSWV with NSm D122A or R124A.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- Two improved mutantse4
- Interactor
- TSWVOrthotospovirus tomatomaculaee3pathogen
- Outcome
- effective resistancee3
- Qualifier
- against new experimental RB TSWVe3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves”
e4“Two improved mutants”
e3“conferred effective resistance against new experimental RB TSWV with the NSm D122A or NSm R124A mutation”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved Sw-5b mutants could provide effective resistance to both field and potential resistance-breaking TSWV isolates.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- Two improved mutantse4
- Outcome
- effective resistancee6
- Qualifier
- both field and potential RB TSWV isolatese6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves”
e4“Two improved mutants”
e6“could provide effective resistance to both field and potential RB TSWV isolates”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · Orthotospovirus tomatomaculae · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.