Abstract
Potassium (K) is a critical plant nutrient that determines quality in a myriad of crops and increases production yields. However, excessive application of various types of K fertilizers can decrease both the food quality and yields, which translates as economic losses and food safety issues. The objectives of this study were to 1) elucidate the impacts of different application rates of various K fertilizers on garlic, with the aim to identify the optimal and most economical K fertilizer dosage and 2) compare the effects of applying two common K fertilizers (KCl and K 2 SO 4 ) on garlic, to determine the optimal combination. From 2018 to 2020, we utilized two distinct K-fertilized fields to conduct our experiments. The results revealed optimal KCl fertilization increased the biomass and vegetation index in garlic, and promoted the transfer of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients from the stem and leaf to bulb, thereby increasing bulb production. The application of KCl fertilizer increased the number of cloves, the diameters of the cloves and bulbs, and reduced variations in bulb size. In addition, the application of KCl fertilizer improved the nutritional quality (Vitamin C, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and allicin) of the garlic and reduced the accumulation of nitrate. However, excessive KCl fertilizer cause decreased yields, appearance traits, and nutritional quality. Applying the same rate of K fertilizer in the form of K 2 SO 4 in isolation increased the garlic yield by only 0.1% to 22.5% when compared with KCl fertilizer. However, the results were not always significant. In this study, the highest yields, appearance traits, and nutritional quality were achieved with the ratio of K 2 SO 4 : KCl = 3:1. Consequently, to ensure the highest economic value (considering the market prices of K fertilizer, garlic sprouts, and bulbs), the authors recommend a K fertilizer rate of 252.5 kg·ha −1 K 2 O, with K 2 SO 4 accounting for 61.6% for garlic production in field.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal KCl fertilization increased the biomass and vegetation index of garlic.
- Taxon
- garlic
Allium sativume1 - Treatment
- optimal KCl fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- biomass and vegetation indexe1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“optimal KCl fertilization increased the biomass and vegetation index in garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal KCl fertilization promoted the transfer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from stem and leaf to bulb.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume1
- Treatment
- optimal KCl fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- transfer of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients from the stem and leaf to bulbe2
- Direction
- promotede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“optimal KCl fertilization increased the biomass and vegetation index in garlic”
e2“promoted the transfer of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients from the stem and leaf to bulb”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal KCl fertilization increased bulb production in garlic.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume1
- Treatment
- optimal KCl fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- bulb productione3
- Direction
- increasinge3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“optimal KCl fertilization increased the biomass and vegetation index in garlic”
e3“thereby increasing bulb production”
Claim · model-written summary
KCl fertilizer increased the number of cloves and the diameters of cloves and bulbs of garlic.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume1
- Treatment
- KCl fertilizere4
- Outcome
- the number of cloves, the diameters of the cloves and bulbse4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“optimal KCl fertilization increased the biomass and vegetation index in garlic”
e4“The application of KCl fertilizer increased the number of cloves, the diameters of the cloves and bulbs”
Claim · model-written summary
KCl fertilizer reduced the variation in bulb size of garlic.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume1
- Treatment
- KCl fertilizere4
- Outcome
- variations in bulb sizee5
- Direction
- reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“optimal KCl fertilization increased the biomass and vegetation index in garlic”
e4“The application of KCl fertilizer increased the number of cloves, the diameters of the cloves and bulbs”
e5“reduced variations in bulb size”
Claim · model-written summary
KCl fertilizer improved the nutritional quality of garlic, including vitamin C, soluble sugar, soluble protein and allicin.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume6
- Treatment
- KCl fertilizere6
- Outcome
- nutritional qualitye6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Qualifier
- Vitamin C, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and allicine6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“the application of KCl fertilizer improved the nutritional quality (Vitamin C, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and allicin) of the garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
KCl fertilizer reduced the accumulation of nitrate in garlic.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume6
- Treatment
- KCl fertilizere6
- Outcome
- accumulation of nitratee7
- Direction
- reducede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“the application of KCl fertilizer improved the nutritional quality (Vitamin C, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and allicin) of the garlic”
e7“reduced the accumulation of nitrate”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessive KCl fertilizer decreased garlic yields, appearance traits and nutritional quality.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume1
- Treatment
- excessive KCl fertilizere7
- Outcome
- yields, appearance traits, and nutritional qualitye7
- Direction
- decreasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“optimal KCl fertilization increased the biomass and vegetation index in garlic”
e7“excessive KCl fertilizer cause decreased yields, appearance traits, and nutritional quality”
Claim · model-written summary
K 2 SO 4 applied alone increased garlic yield by only 0.1% to 22.5% compared with KCl, and the results were not always significant.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume2
- Treatment
- K 2 SO 4e2
- Outcome
- garlic yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 0.1% to 22.5%e2
- Qualifier
- not always significante2
- Comparator
- KCl fertilizere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Applying the same rate of K fertilizer in the form of K 2 SO 4 in isolation increased the garlic yield by only 0.1% to 22.5% when compared with KCl fertilizer. However, the results were not always significant”
Claim · model-written summary
A K 2 SO 4 to KCl ratio of 3:1 gave the highest garlic yields, appearance traits and nutritional quality.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume1
- Treatment
- ratio of K 2 SO 4 : KCl = 3:1e3
- Outcome
- yields, appearance traits, and nutritional qualitye3
- Direction
- higheste3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“optimal KCl fertilization increased the biomass and vegetation index in garlic”
e3“the highest yields, appearance traits, and nutritional quality were achieved with the ratio of K 2 SO 4 : KCl = 3:1”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend a potassium fertilizer rate of 252.5 kg ha-1 K2O, with K2SO4 accounting for 61.6%, for garlic production in the field.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume4
- Outcome
- K fertilizer ratee4
- Value
- 252.5 kg·ha −1 K 2 Oe4
- Qualifier
- K 2 SO 4 accounting for 61.6%e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“the authors recommend a K fertilizer rate of 252.5 kg·ha −1 K 2 O, with K 2 SO 4 accounting for 61.6% for garlic production in field”
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