Abstract
Grafting with pumpkin rootstock could improve chilling tolerance in watermelon, and salicylic acid (SA) as a signal molecule is involved in regulating plant tolerance to chilling and other abiotic stresses. To clarify the mechanism in pumpkin rootstock-induced systemic acquired acclimation in grafted watermelon under chilling stress, we used self-grafted (Cl/Cl) and pumpkin rootstock-grafted (Cl/Cm) watermelon seedlings to study the changes in lipid peroxidation, photosystem II (PSII) activity and antioxidant metabolism, the spatio–temporal response of SA biosynthesis and H2O2 accumulation to chilling, and the role of H2O2 signal in SA-induced chilling tolerance in grafted watermelon. The results showed that pumpkin rootstock grafting promoted SA biosynthesis in the watermelon scions. Chilling induced hydrolysis of conjugated SA into free SA in the roots and accumulation of free SA in the leaves in Cl/Cm plants. Further, pumpkin rootstock grafting induced early response of antioxidant enzyme system in the roots and increased activities of ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the leaves, thus maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. Exogenous SA improved while the inhibition of SA biosynthesis reduced chilling tolerance in Cl/Cl seedlings. The application of diphenyleneiodonium (DPI, inhibitor of NADPH oxidase) and dimethylthiourea (DMTU, H2O2 scavenger) decreased, while exogenous H2O2 improved the PSII activity in Cl/Cl plants under chilling stress. Additionally, the decrease of the net photosynthetic rate in DMTU- and DPI-pretreated Cl/Cl plants under chilling conditions could be alleviated by subsequent application of H2O2 but not SA. In conclusion, pumpkin rootstock grafting induces SA biosynthesis and redistribution in the leaves and roots and participates in the regulation of antioxidant metabolism probably through interaction with the H2O2 signal, thus improving chilling tolerance in watermelon.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Pumpkin rootstock grafting promoted salicylic acid biosynthesis in watermelon scions.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatuse0 - Organ / stage
- scionse0
- Treatment
- pumpkin rootstock graftinge0
- Outcome
- SA biosynthesise0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pumpkin rootstock grafting promoted SA biosynthesis in the watermelon scions”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling caused conjugated salicylic acid hydrolysis to free salicylic acid in roots of pumpkin-grafted watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Cl/Cm plantse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Chillinge0
- Outcome
- hydrolysis of conjugated SA into free SAe0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chilling induced hydrolysis of conjugated SA into free SA in the roots and accumulation of free SA in the leaves in Cl/Cm plants”
t0“Watermelon Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling caused free salicylic acid accumulation in leaves of pumpkin-grafted watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Cl/Cm plantse0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Chillinge0
- Outcome
- free SAe0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chilling induced hydrolysis of conjugated SA into free SA in the roots and accumulation of free SA in the leaves in Cl/Cm plants”
t0“Watermelon Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Pumpkin rootstock grafting induced an early antioxidant enzyme response in watermelon roots.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- pumpkin rootstock graftinge0
- Outcome
- early response of antioxidant enzyme systeme0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pumpkin rootstock grafting induced early response of antioxidant enzyme system in the roots”
t0“Watermelon Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Pumpkin rootstock grafting increased ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in watermelon leaves.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- pumpkin rootstock graftinge0
- Outcome
- activities of ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pumpkin rootstock grafting induced early response of antioxidant enzyme system in the roots and increased activities of ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the leaves, thus maintaining cellular redox homeostasis”
t0“Watermelon Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Pumpkin rootstock grafting maintained cellular redox homeostasis in watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Gene
- ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductasee0
- Outcome
- cellular redox homeostasise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased activities of ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the leaves, thus maintaining cellular redox homeostasis”
t0“Watermelon Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous salicylic acid improved chilling tolerance in self-grafted watermelon seedlings.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Cl/Cl seedlingse0
- Treatment
- Exogenous SAe0
- Outcome
- chilling tolerancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous SA improved while the inhibition of SA biosynthesis reduced chilling tolerance in Cl/Cl seedlings”
t0“Watermelon Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibition of salicylic acid biosynthesis reduced chilling tolerance in self-grafted watermelon seedlings.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Cl/Cl seedlingse0
- Treatment
- inhibition of SA biosynthesise0
- Outcome
- chilling tolerancee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous SA improved while the inhibition of SA biosynthesis reduced chilling tolerance in Cl/Cl seedlings”
t0“Watermelon Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
DPI treatment decreased photosystem II activity in self-grafted watermelon under chilling.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Cl/Cl plantse0
- Treatment
- diphenyleneiodoniume0
- Outcome
- PSII activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of diphenyleneiodonium (DPI, inhibitor of NADPH oxidase) and dimethylthiourea (DMTU, H2O2 scavenger) decreased, while exogenous H2O2 improved the PSII activity in Cl/Cl plants under chilling stress”
t0“Watermelon Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
DMTU treatment decreased photosystem II activity in self-grafted watermelon under chilling.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Cl/Cl plantse0
- Treatment
- dimethylthioureae0
- Outcome
- PSII activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of diphenyleneiodonium (DPI, inhibitor of NADPH oxidase) and dimethylthiourea (DMTU, H2O2 scavenger) decreased, while exogenous H2O2 improved the PSII activity in Cl/Cl plants under chilling stress”
t0“Watermelon Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous hydrogen peroxide improved photosystem II activity in self-grafted watermelon under chilling.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Cl/Cl plantse0
- Treatment
- exogenous H2O2e0
- Outcome
- PSII activitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous H2O2 improved the PSII activity in Cl/Cl plants under chilling stress”
t0“Watermelon Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide alleviated the decline in net photosynthetic rate following DMTU or DPI pretreatment under chilling.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Cl/Cl plantse0
- Treatment
- subsequent application of H2O2e0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Qualifier
- DMTU- and DPI-pretreatede0
- Comparator
- SAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the decrease of the net photosynthetic rate in DMTU- and DPI-pretreated Cl/Cl plants under chilling conditions could be alleviated by subsequent application of H2O2 but not SA”
t0“Watermelon Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid did not alleviate the photosynthetic rate decline following DMTU or DPI pretreatment under chilling.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Cl/Cl plantse0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- not SAe0
- Qualifier
- DMTU- and DPI-pretreatede0
- Comparator
- H2O2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the decrease of the net photosynthetic rate in DMTU- and DPI-pretreated Cl/Cl plants under chilling conditions could be alleviated by subsequent application of H2O2 but not SA”
t0“Watermelon Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that pumpkin rootstock improves watermelon chilling tolerance through salicylic acid redistribution and antioxidant regulation linked to hydrogen peroxide signaling.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- pumpkin rootstock graftinge0
- Outcome
- chilling tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- probably through interaction with the H2O2 signale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pumpkin rootstock grafting induces SA biosynthesis and redistribution in the leaves and roots and participates in the regulation of antioxidant metabolism probably through interaction with the H2O2 signal, thus improving chilling tolerance in watermelon”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.