Abstract
Both mycorrhizal and Trichoderma spp. fungi are known for antagonistic effects against certain biological pathogens causing apple replant disease (ARD). The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the bioinoculants based on endomycorrhizal and Trichoderma spp. fungi on the biological properties of soil as well as the parameters of the apple tree growths in a fruit tree nursery under replantation conditions. A two-year experiment was conducted on Jonagold apple trees grafted on to M.9 rootstock in western Poland. The trees were planted in the replant soil—from areas used for the production of apple trees, and in the crop rotation soil, that had not been used for nursery purposes before. A mycorrhizal inoculum and preparations containing Trichoderma spp. fungi were applied to the replant soil. Biological properties of the soil and the growth of the aerial and underground parts of the apple trees were assessed. The enzymatic (dehydrogenases and protease) and respiratory activity of the replant soil was significantly lower than that of the crop rotation soil. The apple trees grew worse when exposed to the ARD conditions. The effectiveness of applied bioinoculants in mitigating the effects of replantation in the nursery were shown. Both the treatment mycorrhization and the application of bioinoculants containing Trichoderma spp. increased the respiratory and enzymatic activity of the replant soil. The growth of the root system and the aerial parts of the trees (including leaves) was much better after the combined use of both types of fungi than in the replant soil that had not received the fungal treatment.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Replant soil had significantly lower dehydrogenase, protease and respiratory activity than rotation soil.
- Treatment
- replant soile0
- Outcome
- enzymatic (dehydrogenases and protease) and respiratory activitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- crop rotation soile0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
t0“Apple Tree Nursery”
e0“The enzymatic (dehydrogenases and protease) and respiratory activity of the replant soil was significantly lower than that of the crop rotation soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple trees grew worse in apple replant disease conditions.
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- ARD conditionse0
- Outcome
- grew worsee0
- Direction
- worsee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The apple trees grew worse when exposed to the ARD conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhization increased respiratory and enzymatic activity in replant soil.
- Treatment
- mycorrhizatione0
- Outcome
- respiratory and enzymatic activity of the replant soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Both the treatment mycorrhization and the application of bioinoculants containing Trichoderma spp. increased the respiratory and enzymatic activity of the replant soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma bioinoculants increased respiratory and enzymatic activity in replant soil.
- Treatment
- application of bioinoculants containing Trichoderma spp.e0
- Outcome
- respiratory and enzymatic activity of the replant soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Both the treatment mycorrhization and the application of bioinoculants containing Trichoderma spp. increased the respiratory and enzymatic activity of the replant soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined fungal use improved apple root and aerial growth relative to untreated replant soil.
- Taxon
- Apple TreeMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- combined use of both types of fungie0
- Outcome
- growth of the root system and the aerial parts of the trees (including leaves)e0
- Direction
- much bettere0
- Comparator
- replant soil that had not received the fungal treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of the root system and the aerial parts of the trees (including leaves) was much better after the combined use of both types of fungi than in the replant soil that had not received the fungal treatment.”
t0“Apple Tree Nursery”
The same questions in other papers
mycorrhiza · physiology: enzyme activity · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.