Abstract
Abstract Heterotrimeric G protein Gβ‐deficient mutants in rice and maize display constitutive immune responses, whereas Arabidopsis Gβ mutants show impaired defense, suggesting the existence of functional differences between monocots and dicots. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we produced one hemizygous tomato line with a mutated SlGB1 Gβ gene. Homozygous slgb1 knockout mutants exhibit all the hallmarks of autoimmune mutants, including development of necrotic lesions, constitutive expression of defense‐related genes, and high endogenous levels of salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species, resulting in early seedling lethality. Virus‐induced silencing of Gβ in cotton reproduced the symptoms observed in tomato mutants, confirming that the autoimmune phenotype is not limited to monocot species but is also shared by dicots. Even though multiple genes involved in SA and ethylene signaling are highly induced by Gβ silencing in tomato and cotton, co‐silencing of SA or ethylene signaling components in cotton failed to suppress the lethal phenotype, whereas co‐silencing of the oxidative burst oxidase RbohD can repress lethality. Despite the autoimmune response observed in slgb1 mutants, we show that SlGB1 is a positive regulator of the pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP)‐triggered immunity (PTI) response in tomato. We speculate that the phenotypic differences observed between Arabidopsis and tomato/cotton/rice/maize Gβ knockouts do not necessarily reflect divergences in G protein‐mediated defense mechanisms.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Homozygous tomato slgb1 mutants developed necrotic lesions and early seedling lethality.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Material
- slgb1 knockout mutantse0
- Outcome
- necrotic lesionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Homozygous slgb1 knockout mutants exhibit all the hallmarks of autoimmune mutants, including development of necrotic lesions, constitutive expression of defense‐related genes, and high endogenous levels of salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species, resulting in early seedling lethality”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato slgb1 mutants constitutively expressed defense genes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- defense‐related genese0
- Outcome
- constitutive expression of defense‐related genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“constitutive expression of defense‐related genes”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato slgb1 mutants accumulated salicylic acid and reactive oxygen species.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- high endogenous levels of salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high endogenous levels of salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Gβ silencing in cotton reproduced tomato autoimmune symptoms.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- Virus‐induced silencing of Gβe0
- Gene
- Gβe0
- Outcome
- symptomse0
- Comparator
- tomato mutantse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus‐induced silencing of Gβ in cotton reproduced the symptoms observed in tomato mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
Gβ silencing strongly induced SA and ethylene signaling genes in tomato and cotton.
- Taxon
- tomato and cottonGossypium hirsutumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Gβ silencinge0
- Outcome
- genes involved in SA and ethylene signalinge0
- Direction
- highly inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“multiple genes involved in SA and ethylene signaling are highly induced by Gβ silencing in tomato and cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton SA or ethylene component co-silencing failed to suppress lethality.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- co‐silencing of SA or ethylene signaling componentse0
- Outcome
- lethal phenotypee0
- Direction
- failed to suppresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“co‐silencing of SA or ethylene signaling components in cotton failed to suppress the lethal phenotype”
Claim · model-written summary
RbohD co-silencing repressed lethality in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- co‐silencing of the oxidative burst oxidase RbohDe0
- Gene
- RbohDe0
- Outcome
- lethalitye0
- Direction
- represse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“co‐silencing of the oxidative burst oxidase RbohD can repress lethality”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
SlGB1 positively regulated PAMP-triggered immunity in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Gene
- SlGB1e0
- Outcome
- pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP)‐triggered immunity (PTI) responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SlGB1 is a positive regulator of the pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP)‐triggered immunity (PTI) response in tomato”
The same questions in other papers
ethene · pest · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
salicylic acid · pest · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.