Abstract
Purpose. Determine the optimal rate of nitrogen fertilizers for fertilizing energy plantations of willow before the start of the second three-year cultivation cycle in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Research methods. Field, analytical, statistical. Results and discussion. Appling of ammonium nitrate contributed to the active beginning of the growing season and the increase in the plant mass in hight. At the end of the first year of vegetation, the tallest plants were formed in variety ‘Tora’ using N70 – 4.67 m, which is more than in the control version (without fertilizer) by 0.71 m, or 16%. For N35, the average plant height was 4.32 m, which is 8% more than the control. The formation of more tall plants to restore more nitrogen was found in the variety’Ternopilska’. Hight of annual plant of this variety in control was 3.68 m, for application N35 – 4.08 m, and for dose N70 – 4.24 m. At the end of the second growing cycle, the average height of plants of the variety ‘Tora’ in control variant was 6.29 m. The highest plants with the distribution of ammonium nitrate in the maximum dose (N70) were 6.78 m, which is more than in control variant by 8%. For the application of N35, the height of plants of the plantation was 6.52 m and 5.79 m. In this case, the decrease in the share affects the height of plants up to 15.4%, and the share affects the varietal characteristics of growth up to 82.9%. Also nitrogen had a positive effect on biomass growth. The yield of dry biomass of three-year-old energy willow plantation in the other part of cyclic production under control (without fertilizers) was 65.3 t/ha (21.8 t/ ha/year) of dry biomass in ‘Tora’ variety, and 55.6 t/ha (18.5 t/ha/year) in ‘Ternopilska’ variety. In the variants with the use of ammonium nitrate in the dose of N35, the indicator increased due to the control in variety ’Tora’ by 2.8 t/ha and by 3.7 t/ha in the variety ’Ternopilska’. Increasing the nitrogen dose to N70 increases the yield of dry biomass in the varieties’Tora’ and ’Ternopilska’ by 8.8 t/ha and 9.3 t/ha, respectively, compared to the control. Conclusions. The application of ammonium nitrate and varietal characteristics have a significant impact on the yield of energy biomass of willow. Of the two studied varieties of willow on chernozem soil of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the variety’Tora’ was noted for more intensive growth and higher productivity during the second three-year growing cycle. Plants of both varieties are characterized by higher yields for nitrogen application at a dose of 70 kg/ha a.i.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate advanced willow seasonal growth and increased plant height.
SalixNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Appling of ammonium nitrate contributed to the active beginning of the growing season and the increase in the plant mass in hight”
t0“willow”
Claim · model-written summary
Tora willow at N70 reached 4.67 m after year one, 0.71 m or 16% taller than control.
- Material
- ‘Tora’e0
- Treatment
- N70e0
- Outcome
- tallest plantse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 4.67 me0
- Qualifier
- 0.71 m, or 16%e0
- Comparator
- control version (without fertilizer)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tallest plants were formed in variety ‘Tora’ using N70 – 4.67 m, which is more than in the control version (without fertilizer) by 0.71 m, or 16%”
t0“willow”
Claim · model-written summary
Tora willow at N35 averaged 4.32 m after year one, 8% above control.
- Material
- ‘Tora’e1
- Treatment
- N35e0
- Outcome
- average plant heighte0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 4.32 me0
- Qualifier
- 8%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For N35, the average plant height was 4.32 m, which is 8% more than the control”
e1“variety ‘Tora’ using N70”
t0“willow”
Claim · model-written summary
Ternopilska willow height was 4.08 m with N35 versus 3.68 m in control.
- Material
- ’Ternopilska’e1
- Treatment
- N35e0
- Outcome
- Hight of annual plante0
- Value
- 4.08 me0
- Qualifier
- 3.68 me0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hight of annual plant of this variety in control was 3.68 m, for application N35 – 4.08 m”
e1“variety’Ternopilska’”
t0“willow”
Claim · model-written summary
Ternopilska willow height was 4.24 m with N70 versus 3.68 m in control.
- Material
- ’Ternopilska’e1
- Treatment
- N70e0
- Outcome
- Hight of annual plante0
- Value
- 4.24 me0
- Qualifier
- 3.68 me0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hight of annual plant of this variety in control was 3.68 m, for application N35 – 4.08 m, and for dose N70 – 4.24 m”
e1“variety’Ternopilska’”
t0“willow”
Claim · model-written summary
Tora willow reached 6.78 m with N70 after the second cycle, 8% above control.
- Material
- ‘Tora’e0
- Treatment
- N70e0
- Outcome
- highest plantse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 6.78 me0
- Qualifier
- 8%e0
- Comparator
- control variante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“average height of plants of the variety ‘Tora’ in control variant was 6.29 m. The highest plants with the distribution of ammonium nitrate in the maximum dose (N70) were 6.78 m, which is more than in control variant by 8%”
t0“willow”
Claim · model-written summary
Tora willow height was 6.52 m under N35 after the second cycle.
- Material
- ‘Tora’e1
- Treatment
- N35e0
- Outcome
- height of plantse0
- Value
- 6.52 me0
- Qualifier
- 6.29 me1
- Comparator
- control variante1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the application of N35, the height of plants of the plantation was 6.52 m”
e1“variety ‘Tora’ in control variant was 6.29 m”
t0“willow”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen accounted for up to 15.4% of height variation.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“share affects the height of plants up to 15.4%”
e1“In this case, the decrease in the share affects the height of plants up to 15.4%”
t0“nitrogen fertilizers on the productivity of energy biomass of willow”
Claim · model-written summary
Varietal growth characteristics accounted for up to 82.9% of height variation.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“share affects the varietal characteristics of growth up to 82.9%”
t0“willow”
Claim · model-written summary
Tora control dry biomass yield was 65.3 t/ha.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under control (without fertilizers) was 65.3 t/ha (21.8 t/ ha/year) of dry biomass in ‘Tora’ variety”
t0“willow”
Claim · model-written summary
Ternopilska control dry biomass yield was 55.6 t/ha.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“55.6 t/ha (18.5 t/ha/year) in ‘Ternopilska’ variety”
e1“under control (without fertilizers) was 65.3 t/ha (21.8 t/ ha/year) of dry biomass in ‘Tora’ variety, and 55.6 t/ha (18.5 t/ha/year) in ‘Ternopilska’ variety”
t0“willow”
Claim · model-written summary
N35 increased Tora dry biomass yield by 2.8 t/ha over control.
- Material
- ’Tora’e0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrate in the dose of N35e0
- Outcome
- yield of dry biomasse1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.8 t/hae0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ammonium nitrate in the dose of N35, the indicator increased due to the control in variety ’Tora’ by 2.8 t/ha”
e1“The yield of dry biomass of three-year-old energy willow plantation”
t0“willow”
Claim · model-written summary
N35 increased Ternopilska dry biomass yield by 3.7 t/ha over control.
- Material
- ’Ternopilska’e0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrate in the dose of N35e1
- Outcome
- yield of dry biomasse2
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 3.7 t/hae0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“by 3.7 t/ha in the variety ’Ternopilska’”
e1“In the variants with the use of ammonium nitrate in the dose of N35, the indicator increased due to the control in variety ’Tora’ by 2.8 t/ha and by 3.7 t/ha in the variety ’Ternopilska’”
e2“The yield of dry biomass of three-year-old energy willow plantation”
t0“willow”
Claim · model-written summary
N70 increased Tora dry biomass yield by 8.8 t/ha over control.
- Material
- ’Tora’e0
- Treatment
- nitrogen dose to N70e0
- Outcome
- yield of dry biomasse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 8.8 t/hae0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the nitrogen dose to N70 increases the yield of dry biomass in the varieties’Tora’ and ’Ternopilska’ by 8.8 t/ha and 9.3 t/ha, respectively, compared to the control”
t0“willow”
Claim · model-written summary
N70 increased Ternopilska dry biomass yield by 9.3 t/ha over control.
- Material
- ’Ternopilska’e0
- Treatment
- nitrogen dose to N70e0
- Outcome
- yield of dry biomasse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 9.3 t/hae0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the nitrogen dose to N70 increases the yield of dry biomass in the varieties’Tora’ and ’Ternopilska’ by 8.8 t/ha and 9.3 t/ha, respectively, compared to the control”
t0“willow”
Claim · model-written summary
Tora showed more intensive growth and higher productivity than Ternopilska during the second cycle.
- Material
- ’Tora’e0
- Outcome
- more intensive growth and higher productivitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- Central Forest-Steppe of Ukrainee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the variety’Tora’ was noted for more intensive growth and higher productivity during the second three-year growing cycle”
e1“Of the two studied varieties of willow on chernozem soil of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the variety’Tora’ was noted for more intensive growth and higher productivity during the second three-year growing cycle”
Claim · model-written summary
Both willow varieties yielded more under 70 kg/ha nitrogen.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants of both varieties are characterized by higher yields for nitrogen application at a dose of 70 kg/ha a.i.”
t0“willow”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · yield · Salix (willows)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.