Abstract
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the response of corn plant to foliar application of cations , i.e., iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) at different rates of ‘00 mg/L , 200 mg/L and 400 mg/L as well as cobalt (Co) at rates of 25 mg/L, 50 ‘ng/L and 100 mg/L along with the interactions between them, i.e.,(Fe+Mn) ,(Fe +Co), Vln+Co) and (Fe+ Mn +Co). Each combined pair of elements that tested for 'iteractions were applied at two rates. Results revealed that application high rate of Fe generally decreased dry razer production of leaves, root and consequently total plant dry weight of corn. «Ico'fing high rates of Mn and Co caused adverse effect for leaves as compared to a: xntrol. Also , the combined treatments increased the dry matter production of went corn plant organs in spite of the relatively adverse effect for interaction men (Fe+Mn). Data also revealed that Fe,Mn and Co treatments, individually or in rclnation with different rates, generally increased their uptake by different plant xgzrs as compared to control treatment .In addition the tested heavy metals Fe , Mn to: Co were accumulated in root as compared to either leaves or stem . However, excessive supply of Fe,Mn individually and/or combined with them teased Fe uptake by leaves and root. The opposite trend was true when cobalt ‘5 applied with different rates . Also ,high rate of combined interactions between :2- 'Fe+Mn),(Fe+Co) and (Fe+Mn+Co) show a positive effect on Fe uptake by root I:mpared to leaves and/or stem . Generally, Mn uptake by total plant and different plant organs were ”eased as a result of foliar application with high rates of Fe and Mn; the opposite - arc was true when Co applied with different rates for both leaves and root. The motion treatments (Fe+Mn) shows a negative effect on Mn uptake by com plant r3265 (leaves, stern and root) .High rate of double and triple interactions were moulated Mn in both stem and total corn plants. Finally, carbohydrate fractions content (total carbohydrate (TC), soluble mchydrate (SC) and insoluble carbohydrate ([80) generally increased in different be”. organs (leaves, stem and root) as affected by applied Fe,Mn and Co either nan-dually or combined with them as compared to control treatment .In general , high 1‘: of Fe decreased carbohydrate fractions content in both leaves and stems. Similar 1’2": was obtained for different plant organs when Mn was applied with high rate rim decreased TSC and NSC distribution. The high rate application of Co increased rt: accumulated carbohydrate fractions in both leaves and stem. Interaction effects 2" stadied heavy metals (Fe, Mn and Co) were hazard for all carbohydrate fraction for :n'e'ent plant organs. ‘eywordsz-iron, manganese, cobalt, uptake corn plant , nutrients and plant growth ,nutrients interaction , carbohydrate fractions content in plant.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
High iron rate decreased corn leaf and root dry matter and total plant dry weight.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- high rate of Fee0
- Outcome
- dry razer production of leaves, root and consequently total plant dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application high rate of Fe generally decreased dry razer production of leaves, root and consequently total plant dry weight of corn.”
Claim · model-written summary
High manganese and cobalt rates adversely affected corn leaves relative to control.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- high rates of Mn and Coe0
- Outcome
- leavese0
- Direction
- adverse effecte0
- Comparator
- a: xntrole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high rates of Mn and Co caused adverse effect for leaves as compared to a: xntrol.”
t0“CORN”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined metal treatments increased dry matter production in corn organs.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- combined treatmentse0
- Outcome
- dry matter production of went corn plant organse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined treatments increased the dry matter production of went corn plant organs in spite of the relatively adverse effect for interaction men (Fe+Mn).”
Claim · model-written summary
The Fe+Mn interaction had a relatively adverse effect on corn dry matter production.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- (Fe+Mn)e0
- Outcome
- dry matter production of went corn plant organse0
- Direction
- adverse effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined treatments increased the dry matter production of went corn plant organs in spite of the relatively adverse effect for interaction men (Fe+Mn).”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron, manganese and cobalt treatments generally increased their uptake by corn organs relative to control.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Fe,Mn and Co treatmentse0
- Outcome
- their uptake by different plant xgzrse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fe,Mn and Co treatments, individually or in rclnation with different rates, generally increased their uptake by different plant xgzrs as compared to control treatment”
t0“CORN”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron, manganese and cobalt accumulated in corn roots relative to leaves or stems.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- heavy metals Fe , Mn to: Coe0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
- Comparator
- leaves or steme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the tested heavy metals Fe , Mn to: Co were accumulated in root as compared to either leaves or stem”
t0“CORN”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessive iron and manganese supply changed iron uptake by corn leaves and roots; the reported direction is OCR damaged.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- excessive supply of Fe,Mne0
- Outcome
- Fe uptake by leaves and roote0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“excessive supply of Fe,Mn individually and/or combined with them teased Fe uptake by leaves and root”
t0“CORN”
Claim · model-written summary
Cobalt application produced the opposite iron uptake trend in corn.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- cobalte0
- Outcome
- opposite trende0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The opposite trend was true when cobalt ‘5 applied with different rates”
t0“CORN”
Claim · model-written summary
High rate combined Fe+Mn, Fe+Co and Fe+Mn+Co treatments increased iron uptake by corn roots relative to leaves or stems.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- combined interactions between :2- 'Fe+Mn),(Fe+Co) and (Fe+Mn+Co)e0
- Outcome
- Fe uptake by roote0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
- Comparator
- leaves and/or steme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high rate of combined interactions between :2- 'Fe+Mn),(Fe+Co) and (Fe+Mn+Co) show a positive effect on Fe uptake by root I:mpared to leaves and/or stem”
t0“CORN”
Claim · model-written summary
High iron and manganese foliar rates changed manganese uptake in corn, with direction obscured by OCR.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- foliar application with high rates of Fe and Mne0
- Outcome
- Mn uptake by total plant and different plant organse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mn uptake by total plant and different plant organs were ”eased as a result of foliar application with high rates of Fe and Mn”
t0“CORN”
Claim · model-written summary
Cobalt application gave the opposite manganese uptake trend in corn leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Coe0
- Outcome
- opposite - arce0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the opposite - arc was true when Co applied with different rates for both leaves and root”
t0“CORN”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe+Mn treatment negatively affected manganese uptake by corn leaves, stems and roots.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- (Fe+Mn)e0
- Outcome
- Mn uptake by com plant r3265 (leaves, stern and root)e0
- Direction
- negative effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatments (Fe+Mn) shows a negative effect on Mn uptake by com plant r3265 (leaves, stern and root)”
t0“CORN”
Claim · model-written summary
High rates of combined treatments affected manganese accumulation in corn stems and whole plants, with the direction obscured by OCR.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- double and triple interactionse0
- Outcome
- Mn in both stem and total corn plantse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High rate of double and triple interactions were moulated Mn in both stem and total corn plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron, manganese and cobalt treatments generally increased corn carbohydrate fractions in leaves, stems and roots relative to control.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- applied Fe,Mn and Coe0
- Outcome
- carbohydrate fractions contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carbohydrate fractions content (total carbohydrate (TC), soluble mchydrate (SC) and insoluble carbohydrate ([80) generally increased in different be”. organs (leaves, stem and root) as affected by applied Fe,Mn and Co either nan-dually or combined with them as compared to control treatment”
t0“CORN”
Claim · model-written summary
High iron rate decreased corn carbohydrate fractions in leaves and stems.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Fee0
- Outcome
- carbohydrate fractions content in both leaves and stemse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high 1‘: of Fe decreased carbohydrate fractions content in both leaves and stems”
t0“CORN”
Claim · model-written summary
High manganese rate decreased corn TSC and NSC distribution.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Mne0
- Outcome
- TSC and NSC distributione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when Mn was applied with high rate rim decreased TSC and NSC distribution”
t0“CORN”
Claim · model-written summary
High cobalt rate increased accumulated carbohydrate fractions in corn leaves and stems.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- high rate application of Coe0
- Outcome
- accumulated carbohydrate fractions in both leaves and steme0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The high rate application of Co increased rt: accumulated carbohydrate fractions in both leaves and stem”
t0“CORN”
Claim · model-written summary
Metal interactions harmed corn carbohydrate fractions across organs.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- heavy metals (Fe, Mn and Co)e0
- Outcome
- all carbohydrate fractione0
- Direction
- hazarde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interaction effects 2" stadied heavy metals (Fe, Mn and Co) were hazard for all carbohydrate fraction for :n'e'ent plant organs”
t0“CORN”
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8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.