Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential element for most living plants, but it is toxic for plants when present in excess. To better understand the response mechanism under excess Cu in plants, especially in flowers, transcriptome sequencing on petunia buds and opened flowers under excess Cu was performed. Interestingly, the transcript level of FIT-independent Fe deficiency response genes was significantly affected in Cu stressed petals, probably regulated by basic-helix-loop-helix 121 (bHLH121), while no difference was found in Fe content. Notably, the expression level of bHLH121 was significantly down-regulated in petals under excess Cu. In addition, the expression level of genes related to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI), cytochrome b6/f complex, the light-harvesting chlorophyll II complex and electron carriers showed disordered expression profiles in petals under excess Cu, thus photosynthesis parameters, including the maximum PSII efficiency (FV/FM), nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), quantum yield of the PSII (ΦPS(II)) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), were reduced in Cu stressed petals. Moreover, the chlorophyll a content was significantly reduced, while the chlorophyll b content was not affected, probably caused by the increased expression of chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO). Together, we provide new insight into excess Cu response and the Cu–Fe crosstalk in flowers.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Excess Cu significantly affected FIT-independent Fe deficiency response transcripts in petals.
- Organ / stage
- petalse0
- Treatment
- Cu stressede0
- Gene
- FIT-independent Fe deficiency response genese0
- Outcome
- transcript level of FIT-independent Fe deficiency response genese0
_flowers_in_Westgate_Gardens%2C_Canterbury.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
PetuniaNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_flowers_in_Westgate_Gardens%2C_Canterbury.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“transcript level of FIT-independent Fe deficiency response genes was significantly affected in Cu stressed petals”
t0“Petunia Petals”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe content did not differ in Cu-stressed petals.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no difference was found in Fe content”
t0“Cu Stressed Petunia Petals”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess Cu significantly down-regulated bHLH121 expression in petals.
- Organ / stage
- petalse0
- Treatment
- excess Cue0
- Gene
- bHLH121e0
- Outcome
- expression level of bHLH121e0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression level of bHLH121 was significantly down-regulated in petals under excess Cu”
t0“Petunia Petals”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthesis-related genes showed disordered expression under excess Cu.
- Organ / stage
- petalse0
- Treatment
- excess Cue0
- Outcome
- expression level of genes related to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI), cytochrome b6/f complex, the light-harvesting chlorophyll II complex and electron carrierse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression level of genes related to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI), cytochrome b6/f complex, the light-harvesting chlorophyll II complex and electron carriers showed disordered expression profiles in petals under excess Cu”
t0“Petunia Petals”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess Cu reduced FV/FM, NPQ, ΦPS(II), and qP in petals.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosynthesis parameters, including the maximum PSII efficiency (FV/FM), nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), quantum yield of the PSII (ΦPS(II)) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), were reduced in Cu stressed petals”
t0“Petunia Petals”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess Cu significantly reduced chlorophyll a content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll a content was significantly reduced”
t0“Cu Stressed Petunia Petals”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess Cu did not affect chlorophyll b content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll b content was not affected”
t0“Cu Stressed Petunia Petals”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyllide a oxygenase expression increased under excess Cu.
- Treatment
- Cu Stressedt0
- Gene
- chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO)e0
- Outcome
- expression of chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased expression of chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO)”
t0“Cu Stressed Petunia Petals”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · nutrient: content · Petunia (petunia)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.