Abstract
Maize is the most important crop cultivated worldwide. It needs a significant amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization to maintain high yields. However, the high cost of fertilization makes production more expensive and damages the environment. The present study used Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus subtilis bacteria in an attempt to supply nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization to a maize crop. The experiment was carried out with maize plants under greenhouse conditions with a factorial scheme (4 x 2 x 2), where the first factor corresponded to bacterial inoculation: (a) control (no inoculation); (b) A. brasilense inoculation (AZ); (c) B. subtilis inoculation (BS) and (d) inoculation with a mixture of (AZ+BS), the second factor corresponded to the presence or absence of rock phosphate fertilization and the third factor corresponded to the presence or absence of top-dressed nitrogen fertilizer. Evaluated plant parameters were height, shoot dry matter (SDM), root dry matter (RDM), and soil parameters were total colony forming units of bacteria (CFU), nitrogen, soluble phosphorus and microbial biomass carbon (MBC). Although some parameters were improved with mineral fertilization in general, the findings showed that there were many adverse effects with the use of rock phosphate fertilization and A. brasilense inoculation. When both were applied together in treatments, there was reduction in plant height, microbial biomass carbon and total number of bacteria compared to treatments without rock phosphate fertilization. These results strongly suggest that rock phosphate harms the ability of A. brasilense to promote plant growth and demonstrate the necessity of new studies to verify whether this negative effect occurs under field conditions and could reduce yields in maize crop production.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilization improved some evaluated parameters.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some parameters were improved with mineral fertilization in general”
t0“by maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined rock phosphate and A. brasilense inoculation reduced maize height versus treatments without rock phosphate.
- Treatment
- rock phosphate fertilizatione0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilense
Azospirillum brasilenset0symbionte0 - Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- treatments without rock phosphate fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When both were applied together in treatments, there was reduction in plant height, microbial biomass carbon and total number of bacteria compared to treatments without rock phosphate fertilization”
t0“Rock phosphate fertilization harms Azospirillum brasilense selection by maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment reduced microbial biomass carbon versus treatments without rock phosphate.
- Treatment
- rock phosphate fertilizatione0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilenseAzospirillum brasilenset0symbionte0
- Outcome
- microbial biomass carbone0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- treatments without rock phosphate fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When both were applied together in treatments, there was reduction in plant height, microbial biomass carbon and total number of bacteria compared to treatments without rock phosphate fertilization”
t0“Rock phosphate fertilization harms Azospirillum brasilense selection by maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment reduced total bacterial number versus treatments without rock phosphate.
- Treatment
- rock phosphate fertilizatione0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilenseAzospirillum brasilenset0symbionte0
- Outcome
- total number of bacteriae0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- treatments without rock phosphate fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When both were applied together in treatments, there was reduction in plant height, microbial biomass carbon and total number of bacteria compared to treatments without rock phosphate fertilization”
t0“Rock phosphate fertilization harms Azospirillum brasilense selection by maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer rock phosphate harms A. brasilense growth promotion in maize.
- Treatment
- rock phosphatee0
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Outcome
- ability of A. brasilense to promote plant growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rock phosphate harms the ability of A. brasilense to promote plant growth”
t0“by maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend field studies to test whether the effect reduces maize yields.
- Outcome
- new studies to verify whether this negative effect occurs under field conditions and could reduce yieldse0
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“necessity of new studies to verify whether this negative effect occurs under field conditions and could reduce yields in maize crop production”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · Azospirillum brasilense · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.