Abstract
Chitosan is a biodegradable natural compound that has a great potentiality in agriculture for controlling plant diseases. An attempt was made to control Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae under inoculated field condition and increase the growth and yield of brinjal by chitosan. Before setting the experiments in the field, preliminary laboratory experiments were carried out to select virulent isolate and effective dose of chitosan against the mycelial growth of the selected pathogen. F. oxysporum f. sp. melongenae isolate F-1 was found to be the most virulent on brinjal in pathogenicity test. Chitosan @ 1.0% concentration was appeared to be the highest inhibitory to the test pathogen at in vitro condition. Additionally, seed treatment with 1.0% chitosan for 12 hrs resulted in the highest increased in germination and seedling growth of brinjal. The field experiment was conducted following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments. No treatment was given in T1, the pathogen was inoculated in T2 and seed treatment and soil amendment with 1.0% chitosan was done in T3 and T4, respectively, in test pathogen inoculated condition. Application of 1.0% chitosan as a seed treatment (T3) or soil amendment (T4) significantly reduced pre- and post-emergence seedling mortality, incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt as well as enhanced germination percentage, plant growth and yield of brinjal. On the contrary, pre-emergence and post-emergence seedling mortality, disease incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt were highest in treatment T2 where the soil was inoculated with pathogen without chitosan. Therefore, chitosan could be used against this vascular disease as an alternative to inorganic fungicides and augment yield.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
F-1 was the most virulent Fusarium isolate on brinjal.
- Taxon
- brinjal
Solanum melongenae0 - Interactor
- F. oxysporum f. sp. melongenae isolate F-1
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenaee0pathogen - Outcome
- most virulent on brinjale0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. oxysporum f. sp. melongenae isolate F-1 was found to be the most virulent on brinjal in pathogenicity test.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan at 1.0% most strongly inhibited the pathogen in vitro.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- Chitosan @ 1.0% concentratione1
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenaeFusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenaee2pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitory to the test pathogene1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Setting
- in vitro conditione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield of brinjal by chitosan”
e1“Chitosan @ 1.0% concentration was appeared to be the highest inhibitory to the test pathogen at in vitro condition.”
e2“Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1.0% chitosan seed treatment for 12 hours produced the highest germination.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- seed treatment with 1.0% chitosan for 12 hrse0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- highest increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed treatment with 1.0% chitosan for 12 hrs resulted in the highest increased in germination and seedling growth of brinjal.”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1.0% chitosan seed treatment for 12 hours produced the highest seedling growth.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- seed treatment with 1.0% chitosan for 12 hrse0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- highest increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed treatment with 1.0% chitosan for 12 hrs resulted in the highest increased in germination and seedling growth of brinjal.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan seed treatment significantly reduced seedling mortality and Fusarium wilt incidence and severity.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- 1.0% chitosan as a seed treatment (T3)e1
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenaeFusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- pre- and post-emergence seedling mortality, incidence and severity of Fusarium wilte1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An attempt was made to control Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae under inoculated field condition and increase the growth and yield of brinjal by chitosan.”
e1“Application of 1.0% chitosan as a seed treatment (T3) or soil amendment (T4) significantly reduced pre- and post-emergence seedling mortality, incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt as well as enhanced germination percentage, plant growth and yield of brinjal.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan soil amendment significantly reduced seedling mortality and Fusarium wilt incidence and severity.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- soil amendment (T4)e1
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenaeFusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- pre- and post-emergence seedling mortality, incidence and severity of Fusarium wilte1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An attempt was made to control Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae under inoculated field condition and increase the growth and yield of brinjal by chitosan.”
e1“Application of 1.0% chitosan as a seed treatment (T3) or soil amendment (T4) significantly reduced pre- and post-emergence seedling mortality, incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt as well as enhanced germination percentage, plant growth and yield of brinjal.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan seed treatment enhanced brinjal germination, growth and yield in the field.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- 1.0% chitosan as a seed treatment (T3)e0
- Outcome
- germination percentage, plant growth and yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 1.0% chitosan as a seed treatment (T3) or soil amendment (T4) significantly reduced pre- and post-emergence seedling mortality, incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt as well as enhanced germination percentage, plant growth and yield of brinjal.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan soil amendment enhanced brinjal germination, growth and yield in the field.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- soil amendment (T4)e0
- Outcome
- germination percentage, plant growth and yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 1.0% chitosan as a seed treatment (T3) or soil amendment (T4) significantly reduced pre- and post-emergence seedling mortality, incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt as well as enhanced germination percentage, plant growth and yield of brinjal.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen inoculation without chitosan gave the highest mortality and Fusarium wilt incidence and severity.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- T2e0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenaeFusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenaee2pathogen
- Outcome
- pre-emergence and post-emergence seedling mortality, disease incidence and severity of Fusarium wilte0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pre-emergence and post-emergence seedling mortality, disease incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt were highest in treatment T2 where the soil was inoculated with pathogen without chitosan.”
e1“growth and yield of brinjal by chitosan”
e2“Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose chitosan as an alternative to inorganic fungicides to control wilt and raise yield.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae0
- Outcome
- chitosan could be used against this vascular disease as an alternative to inorganic fungicides and augment yield.e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield of brinjal by chitosan”
e1“chitosan could be used against this vascular disease as an alternative to inorganic fungicides and augment yield.”
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